Characteristics of a scientists:

Albert Einstein = The Theory of Relativity 1) “Curiousity???” “Why does everything stick to the earth and not just float away?”

Sir Isaac Newton = Law of universal gravitation 2) “Objective” “The earth sucks.”

Galileo Galilei = Earth Centered-Model 3) “Think logically” “What, you think the world revolves around you or something?” --my wife

Ben Franklin = Electricity 4) “Investigate” “It was a shocking experience.”

Nicholas Copernicus = Sun-Centered Model 5) “Open-minded” You’re seldom right.

Louis Pastuer = Milk Pasteurization 6) “Results” “GOaT MILK???”

Marie Curie 7) “Implementation” -discovered radioactivity and the two elements, polonium & radium -first female professor in France -first person to win 2 Nobel Peace Prizes -helped cure cancer X-rays 7) “Implementation”

Science History -“We are standing on the shoulders of giants” Albert Einstein -Gained knowledge is passed to next generation, for the betterment of the future of science. -No results = no patent

“Facts” -Something we know to be true. -Newton drops an apple and it falls every time. FACT??? -Facts must be tested and re-tested numerous times. (girl at mall) -Things aren’t always as they seem.

“Theory” -A logical explanation of the events that occur. -Did we come from monkeys?

“Law” -A theory that has been tested many times, and is generally accepted as truth. -Laws can be changed. ex. Phen-Phen

Scientific Method. 1) State the problem: --light switch doesn’t work 2) Gather information: --bad bulb, blown fuse, did Sweetpea pay the light bill? 3) Form a hypothesis: --an educated guess --a proposed solution to a scientific problem --what do think has happen, or will happen? 4) Perform an experiment: --organized procedure to test your hypothesis

Scientific Method: 5) State your conclusion: --my results are…… 6) Repeat the work: --laws must be tested many times What’s next????? --visual explanation of your results --graphing

Line Graph -Expresses changes over time -ex. stock market

Bar Graph -Data represented by counting. -ex. student race

Circle Graph (Pie Chart) -Shows data-numbers broken down into parts. -ex. Graphing the number of each color of M&M’s.

Metric System: -count the number of pencil-lengths across your desk. -Standard system of measurement used by scientists.

-AKA = International system of units -abbreviated SI, not ISU (French) -NOT SAE (Standard American English) -based on the human foot = 12”

Who uses metric? -all scientists use metric to share data WHY USE METRIC??? 1) Easier to convert (based on multiples of 10) 2) All scientists use and understand it.

Length: metric ruler / meter stick meter stick 1m=100cm (NOT YARD STICK) base unit = m Don’t measure with the wrong side.

Area: Length x width = area sq/in or cm2 base unit = m What is the area of this picture?

Volume (liquid): -the amount of space an object takes up base unit = L (capital “L”) or….. cm3 (medical tv show or needles)

Reading a GC meniscus: Curved surface of a liquid in a graduated cylinder This is the result of surface tension as water particles adhere to the side of the GC ex>. like water “beading” on a newly waxed car.

Volume (solid): measuring 3D box length x width x height =cm3 base unit = m Why do I need to know this???

Volume (irregular shaped solid): ex. rock, marble How do you find volume? -Put rock on a string and slowly lower into gc

displacement-when particles of a liquid get pushed aside, because an object is submerged in it. ex. Bath-tub

Rock volume using gc: 1) Put water into gc (not to top, about half way) 2) R & R volume of water without rock (read meniscus) 15mL 3) SLOWLY lower rock on string into gc 4) R & R volume of gc again with rock 19mL What is the volume of the rock? 4mL

What if rock is too big for gc? -DISPLACEMENT PAIL 1) fill pail to bottom of spout 2) wait for drips to stop 3) SLOWLY lower rock into tank 4) catch all displaced water in catch pail 5) wait for drips to stop 6) pour into empty gc 11mL 7) R & R (water volume = rock volume)

Finding mass (not volume) of a liquid: 1) find mass of empty gc 25g 2) pour liquid into empty gc 3) R & R mass of gc and liquid 45g 4) subtract to find mass of liquid 20g

Finding mass of grainy solid: (salt, sugar, sand) DON’T DUMP IT ON BALANCE!!! 1) find the mass of filter paper 2g 2) GENTLY pour salt onto filter paper 3) find the mass of filter paper & salt 10g 4) subtract 5) R & R 8g