Project Analysis Slides by Matthew Will
Electric Scooter – NPV
Electric Scooter - Assumptions
Electric Scooter - Scenarios
Break Even Analysis Point at which NPV = 0 is the break-even point Otobai Motors has a break-even point of 85,000 units sold PV Inflows 400 200 19.6 Break even NPV=0 PV (¥ billions) PV Outflows 85 200 Sales, 000’s
Electric Scooter – Accounting Profit
Break Even Analysis Accounting break-even is different, yet wrong. It does not consider the time value of money. Otobai Motors has an accounting break-even point of 60,000 units sold. 60 40 20 Revenues Break-even profit =0 Accounting revenue and costs (¥ billions) Costs 60 200 Sales, 000’s
Operating Leverage Operating leverage - The degree to which costs are fixed Degree of operating leverage (DOL) - Percentage change in profits given a 1 percent change in sales 16
Operating Leverage Example Use the data from the Otobai scooter project. What is the DOL? 18
Monte Carlo Simulation Modeling Process Step 1: Modeling the project Step 2: Specifying probabilities Step 3: Simulate the cash flows Step 4: Calculate present value
Monte Carlo Simulation
Flexibility & Real Options Decision trees - Diagram of sequential decisions and possible outcomes Decision trees help companies determine their Options by showing the various choices and outcomes The option to avoid a loss or produce extra profit has value The ability to create an option thus has value that can be bought or sold 19
Decision Trees Example - FedEx Expansion Option Exercise delivery option High demand Observe growth in demand for airfreight Acquire option on future delivery Low demand Don’t take delivery
Real Options Option to expand Option to abandon Production options Timing options 19
Decision Trees NPV = ? $700 (.80) $0 (.20) - $130 .25 $300 (.80) - $18 .44 .50 - $130 Invest Yes / No .56 $0 .25 $100 (.80) $0 (.20) NPV = ? - $130
Decision Trees NPV = ? $700 (.80) $0 (.20) - $130 560 .25 $300 (.80) - $18 .44 .50 - $130 240 Invest Yes / No .56 $0 .25 $100 (.80) $0 (.20) NPV = ? - $130 80
Decision Trees NPV = ? $700 (.80) $0 (.20) - $130 560 .25 $300 (.80) (700 × .80) + (0 × .20) = 560 $300 (.80) $0 (.20) - $18 .44 .50 - $130 240 Invest Yes / No .56 $0 .25 $100 (.80) $0 (.20) NPV = ? - $130 80
Decision Trees NPV = ? $700 (.80) $0 (.20) NPV = $295 - $130 560 .25 NPV (upside) = −130+ 560 1.096 3 =295 $300 (.80) $0 (.20) - $18 .44 .50 - $130 240 Invest Yes / No .56 $0 .25 $100 (.80) $0 (.20) NPV = ? - $130 80
Decision Trees NPV = ? $700 (.80) $0 (.20) NPV = $295 - $130 560 .25 $300 (.80) $0 (.20) - $18 .44 .50 - $130 240 Invest Yes / No .56 NPV = $52 $0 .25 $100 (.80) $0 (.20) NPV = ? - $130 80 NPV = -$69 (Do not invest, so NPV = 0)
Decision Trees NPV = ? $700 (.80) $0 (.20) NPV = $295 - $130 560 .25 =$83 560 .25 NPV = $83 $300 (.80) $0 (.20) - $18 .44 .50 - $130 240 Invest Yes / No .56 NPV = $52 $0 .25 $100 (.80) $0 (.20) NPV = ? - $130 80 NPV = -$69 (Do not invest, so NPV = 0)
Decision Trees NPV = $19 $700 (.80) $0 (.20) NPV = $295 - $130 560 .25 $300 (.80) $0 (.20) - $18 .44 .50 - $130 240 Invest Yes / No .56 NPV = $52 $0 .25 $100 (.80) $0 (.20) NPV = $19 - $130 80 NPV = -$69 (Do not invest, so NPV = 0) NPV = -18 + (.44 × 83) + (.56 × 0) = $19
Decision Trees NPV = $19 $700 (.80) $0 (.20) NPV = $295 - $130 560 .25 $300 (.80) $0 (.20) - $18 .44 .50 - $130 240 Invest Yes / No .56 NPV = $52 $0 .25 $100 (.80) $0 (.20) NPV = $19 - $130 80 NPV = -$69 (Do not invest, so NPV = 0)