Unit 8: U.S. Enters WWII 1941-1945

Axis of Evil Allies Leaders in WWII Germany- Adolf Hitler Japan- General Tojo Italy- Benito Mussolini Allies USA- Franklin D. Roosevelt Great Britain- Winston Churchill USSR- Joseph Stalin

Axis as Aggressors All pretty much Dictatorships GER/ITA Fascists and Japan Empire 1936- Hitler remilitarized Germany Mussolini announces Rome-Berlin Axis Germany Signs Anti-Communism Pact with Japan Japan Invades China GER annexes Austria and Czechoslovakia GER and USSR sign non-aggression pact GER invades Poland

So begins World War II France and Britain declare war on the Axis Soviets invade Poland Germans started take over of Europe Winston Churchill became prime minister On the same day Germany started the invasion of France A month and a half later France surrendered

Tactics German War tactics Blitzkrieg Using tanks in small divisions to pierce the enemy line, then attack the line flank Great speed was a must To combat this divisions fought in columns

RAF (English Air Force) turned them away "The Battle of France is over. I expect the Battle of Britain is about to begin....“- Winston Churchill Luftwaffe (German Air Force) bombed England attempting destroy England’s Air defense and force a surrender RAF (English Air Force) turned them away

Germany attacks Soviet Union June 22, 1941 Purpose was to rid the world communism Very bloody with little regard for human life

US policy towards Japan US stopped selling oil and steel to Japan Japan saw that as an act of war. Japan wants raw materials Singapore- (UK) was taken by Japan

Pearl Harbor December 7, 1941 Tora, Tora, Tora, code name of the attack on Pearl Harbor.

Kamikaze Pilots “Divine wind” suicide pilots of Japan

USS Yorktown Carrier

Japan moves to dominate the Pacific The United States is the only power blocking Japan’s plan to conquer the Pacific The Japanese had destroyed 75% of US naval power in the Pacific. Philippines- was a US protectorate since 1898. Douglas Macarthur- commanding officer.

General Douglas Macarthur Commander of American forces in the Philippines. “ I shall return”

Bataan Death March 1942

Bataan Death March 1942 American troops were captured by the Japanese. US troops were forced to march 6 days, 80-90 miles

Japanese Americans Internment camps were rounded up and put in camps. Lost property

Japanese-American Boy Scout Troop in an Internment Camp

United States will fight a two front war. European front “European Theatre”- North Africa, Italy Eastern front, and northern France. Pacific front “Pacific Theatre”- using air, naval, and man power, Island hopping

Operation Torch United States troops will fight with British troops to stop Germans in North Africa. Dwight Eisenhower- Commander of US troops.

Dwight Eisenhower US Commander of all US troops- North Africa. His plan was to stop Hitler’s troops in North Africa. oil

General George Patton US tank commander under Eisenhower “Old Blood and Guts” Battle of the Bulge- largest battle of WWII

General Omar Bradley US commander Served under Eisenhower “G.I. General” 5 star general Lived in El Paso

Operation Overlord Code name for the invasion of Europe by Allies more commonly known as D-Day on June 6, 1944. Largest fleet of ships and men. Normandy, France Dwight Eisenhower commands the invasion forces at D-Day What does the “D” in D-Day stand for?

Battle of the Bulge Last major offensive from Germany launched in December 1944.

Holocaust-name given to the killing of 6 million Jews

German Concentration Camps Auschwitz Dauchau Treblinka Buchenwald

Dr. Mengele Angel of Death Josef Mengele left Auschwitz disguised as a member of the regular German infantry. Geneticist Many Nazi war criminals escaped to Argentina using false identities supplied by the Red Cross .

VE Day- Victory in Europe May 8, 1945 .

On top of Hitler's bunker Hitler’s suicide On top of Hitler's bunker The entrance

World War II Pacific Front

General George Marshall Chief of Staff 5 star general (2nd man to do so after Pershing) Head of all US forces in Pacific and Atlantic theaters. Time Magazine in 1944 named Marshall “Man of the Year” Once dubbed the “organizer of victory” by Winston Churchill for his leadership of the Allied victory in World War II, Marshall later became instrumental in the post-war reconstruction effort in Europe, which became known as the Marshall Plan. For this latter role Marshall received the Nobel Peace Prize, the only professional soldier to hold that distinction. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Marshall

Yalta Conference-1945 The Big Three: FDR, Churchill, and Stalin all meet at Yalta. The USSR agrees to elections in areas they took in WWII.

United States & Australia United States & Australia are the two nations still fighting Japan in the Pacific

Douglas MacArthur US Military commander in the Pacific “Old soldiers never die, they just fade away.” He received the formal Japanese surrender in September 1945, V-J Day.

Chester Nimitz US commander of the Navy in the Pacific. “Nimitz shifted to the offensive and defeated the Japanese navy in the Battle of the Coral Sea, the Battle of Midway, and in the Solomon Islands Campaign. On October 7, 1943 he was designated Commander in Chief, Pacific Fleet, and Pacific Ocean Areas. By Act of Congress, approved December 14, 1944, the grade of Fleet Admiral of the United States Navy — the highest grade in the Navy.” http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chester_Nimitz

Battle of Midway –turning point of the war. 1942

US broke the Japanese code United States broke the Japanese code United States had an advantage over Japan.

Code Talkers Navajo Indians would send transmissions for United States. Japanese military never broke the code.

Battles in the Pacific Saipan-site where Marines attacked Japanese. Japanese committed suicide rather then surrender. 20,000 Iwo Jima-site where Americans raised the US flag and now a statue in Washington DC Coral Seas- Australia

Election of 1944 Franklin D Roosevelt-elected for the 4th time. Died in 1945 (April) of what? Vice President Harry S. Truman

Harry S. Truman becomes 33 President Vice President under FDR From Missouri Distinguished captain of WWI 1st Television broadcasts (instead of “Fireside chats”) “The buck stops here.”

Truman’s decision to use the Atomic Bomb President Truman later wrote that he "regarded the bomb as a military weapon and never had any doubts that it should be used." His advisers had warned him to expect massive casualties if the United States invaded Japan. Truman believed it was his duty as president to use every weapon available to save American lives.

Manhattan Project Code name for the development of the Atomic Bomb Manhattan Project- efforts to develop the atomic bomb created by Robert Oppenheimer and General Leslie R. Groves Pg. 583 Alamogordo New Mexico Fat Man and Little Boy- names of Atomic Bombs

Hiroshima-August 6.1945

Nagasaki August 9, 1945

V-J Day August 15, 1945

It’s Finally Over!!!!!

Women in the war effort Rosie the Riveter-symbol of women making history working for victory. Nurses Hollywood cafe USO Pin up girls Victory Girls

African Americans African Americans were in segregated units. Most were cooks, butlers, and fighting units. Tuskegee Airmen

Vernon Baker One of the first African American soldiers to see combat. Congressional Medal of Honor

Potsdam Conference Truman, Stalin, and Churchill

Unit 7 and Unit 8 WWII Study Guide 10 Matching 20 Multiple Choice Flying Tigers Tuskegee Airmen Patton Eisenhower Good Neighbor Policy Operation Torch Battle of the Bulge D Day Hiroshima/Nagasaki Internment camps VE Day VJ Day Bradley Midway Code Talkers