World History Chapter 2 Summer School - Mr. Fennig Early Civilizations World History Chapter 2 Summer School - Mr. Fennig

Outline of Chapter Mesopotamia Sumerian Amorite Egypt Canaan Hittites Phoenicians Arameans Hebrews Near Eastern Empires Assyrians Chaldeans Persians

Mesopotamia "land between the rivers" Sumeria (3000 BC) independent city-states polytheistic water, agriculture, sky Cuneiform Farming Architecture: Ziggurats Sargon Contributions Cuneiform, Wheel, 360, Hours/Minutes

Mesopotamia Amorites (1900-1600 BC) "Old Babylonian Empire"  Capital at Babylon Hammurabi Epic of Gilgamesh Accomplishments Astronomy Astrology

Egypt Location Nile Lower (North) and Upper (South) History Mizraim -> Memphis Old Kingdom (Age of Pharaohs)  pyramids (Khufu) Middle Kingdom (Age of People) attempt to appease the people Joseph New Kingdom (Age of the Empire) Hatshepsut Thutmose III Amenhotep II Rameses II

Egypt Culture Social Mobility Women Respected Hieroglyphics, Papyrus Polytheism

Land of Canaan Hebrews interacted primarily with three people groups - Hittites, Phoenicians, and Arameans.  Hittites (Fertile Crescent) Iron weapons Phoenicians (Lebanon) Merchants, Alphabet Tyre Baal Arameans (Syrians) Aramaic

Land of Canaan Hebrews Abraham of Ur -> Isaac -> Jacob (changed to Israel) Split into Israel (under Rehoboam) and Judah (under Jeroboam) 722 BC Assyrians destroyed Samaria 586 BC Chaldeans destroyed Jerusalem

Near Eastern Empires all of the empires continued the traditions of their predecessors, changing them slightly, and spreading their culture further and further Assyrians Brutality and Fear Battering Ram Militarism Nineveh (Sennacherib)

Near Eastern Empires Chaldean (around Babylon) United under Nebuchadnezzar called the Neo-Babylonian Empire Diaspora  Hanging Gardens Fell under Belshazzar

Near Eastern Empires Persian Greece to India to Egypt (at height) Cyrus (Isaiah 45:13, Ezra 1:2) Xerxes (Ahasuerus) Satrapies (governors appointed by King) Zoroastrianism Ahura Mazda Avesta