“2nd Industrial Revolution & Age of Imperialism” 1892 1912 1920 Urbanization, Industrialization, Immigration, and the Rise of Industry and wealth within our Nation U.S. involvement in Hawaii, Philippines, Cuba, Latin America, etc. “Progressive Reform Era” 1890s 1901 1917 1920s ** How do we address problems arising from … industrialization (big business, labor strife) urbanization (slums, political machines, corruption) immigration (ethnic diversity) inequality & social injustice (women & racism)

Development of Modern America

Rise of Popular Entertainment People divide their time between “work and going home” and “going out.” Amusement Parks Vaudeville and ragtime “Saloon Culture” New York’s Coney Island

Revolution in Printing - Revolution in printing led to an increase in literacy to 90% - Various advances in printing … - Linotype - Paper from pulp - Printing on both sides of paper - Increased proliferation of various print media … - Mass circulation of newspapers … Pulitzer vs. Linotype Machine Randolph Hearst

More Leisure and Snacks - Susan B. Anthony once said, … “I think bicycling has done more to emancipate the woman than anything else in the world … it gives women a feeling of freedom and self-reliance.” - Bicycle becomes safer … - Tennis arrives to America in 1874 … - Hershey’s Chocolate Bar … - Coca-Cola … Swift Safety Bicycle

Rural Free Delivery and The Catalog - Montgomery Ward Catalog - Sears-Roebuck Catalog - Rural Free Delivery

A New “Mass” or “Popular” American Culture ** Why A Popular, Mass Culture? ** Ashley

Why A Popular, Mass Culture? - (1) Greater Urban culture - Greater concentration of people - (2) Less work-time - The average work week declines: - 69.7 hours per week in 1860 (includes farming) - 61.7 hours in 1890 - 54.9 hours in 1910 - (4) Rise of Marketing / Advertising - (5) More Discretionary Income * GNP per capita * Percentage of Income on Food - 1870 - $531 - 1870 - 32% - 1890 - $836 - 1890 - 29% - 1910 - $1,299 - 1910 - 25% - (3) Mandatory Public Education - (6) Greater Publishing

At the turn of the century, most immigrants to the united States settled in cities because…

(1) Availability of large numbers of jobs (2) Excitement of city life

What is an immigrant? An immigrant is a person who once resided somewhere else and now lives in your country. Immigrants at Ellis Island after arriving in America

Why They Came? Push Factors - Farm poverty and worker uncertainty - Wars and compulsory military service - Political tyranny - Religious persecution - Population pressures Pull Factors - Plenty of land and work - Higher standard of living - Democratic political system - Opportunity for social advancement

What is Nativism? “Nativism” is a policy of favoring native inhabitants as opposed to immigrants

1890 is the “year of division” Nativism … Why Nativism? What were the causes of nativist sentiment? (write these …) “Old” versus “New” immigrants … Old – Northern Europeans: Ireland, Germany, England, and Scandinavian countries. Before the Civil War … 1890 is the “year of division” New – Southeastern Europeans, mainly from Italy, Greece, Turkey, Austria-Hungary, and Russia, as well as Canada and China, but also record numbers of Irish & Germans By 1900 … By 1920 …

Handout, “New Immigrants and Old” (1) What major differences between the “Old” and “New” immigrants stand out to you? (2) Looking at the immigration statistics, what numbers stand out to you, and looking at the total U.S. population below (say, in 1870 it’s 38.5 million people), how might this affect the United States? 1870 - 38,558,371 1880 - 50,189,209 1890 - 62,979,766 1900 - 76,212,168 1910 - 92,228,496 1920 - 106,021,537 1930 - 123,202,624