SANA on Occupational and Safety Health SANA_GEOHealth: the case in Ethiopia National Workshop 25 July 2013 Ghion Hotel Addis Ababa, Ethiopia Dr Abera Kumie and Prof Jonathan Samet AAU/USC

Methods Situational Analysis Needs Assessment Visits of enterprises By large literature review (published) Gray literature: Reports review (gov’t, unpublished) Needs Assessment Situational analysis synthesis outcome Face to face discussion with experts, authorities MOLSA, BOLSA, Visits of enterprises

SANA_OSH organized Contents of OSH_SANA Organization of occupational health services Existing practice of work place safety provisions Existing practice of workplace hazard prevention Occupational safety and health information management Contents of OSH_SANA Characterizing work place Characterizing the health effect in occupational settings Work place exposures Work place exposures and determinants in Health facilities

1. Type of Work Place and work force: likely under Labour 377/2003 Categories: Agriculture Large and medium scale manufacturing Small Scale enterprise Informal sector Work Force Micro-enterprize- 1,720000 Small scale 138,951 Large and medium scale 175,894 Total 2,100000 [31.4 mln and more total work force: 89% in Agri]

2. Work place exposure Hazards Work places Cotton dust, heat, noise Textile factories (Blowing, Carding Cement dust Cement factories Noise, dust, heat, electric Small scale Unguarded machines, poor illumination, heat, slippery floor, oil mist, ergonomics Edible oil Pesticides State farm, floriculture KAP (behavior) Vs Haz signs Metal factory, migrant workers

3. Health Effects Health Effect Work places Injury (65 to 335/1000) Textile, large scale, small and medium scale, metal factory, state farm Hearing loss Textile factory (spinning, weaving) Heat, sleeping disorder, noise, dust, poorly organized work place  Textile factory Musculoskeletal discord, eye and skin damage Construction industry Skin disorders Floriculture Respiratory disorders

4. Determinants/ Factors Work place factors Poor illumination Slippery and unleveled floor Unhygienic work places Absence of health and safety training Absence of protective devices Unguarded machines Socio-Demographic Age Sleeping disorder Alcohol consumption Job dissatisfaction Training

5. Exposure assessment Widely practiced Walk through inspection (recognizing): identifying qualitatively the hazard Limited or not at all Quantifying the hazard is limited Hazard evaluation is rarely done Instrumentation use limited Training gaps exists

6. Occupational safety and health information management Database for indicators of OSH limited Weakley established system: data collection, storage, analysis and dissemination Most manually done, interruption is common Limited access to information at wider scale

7. OSH Human resource Labour and OSH Personnel Total 291 for the country 95% found in Addis A+Tigray+Ormoia+Amhara+SNNPR About 10% had formal on job training on OSH

8. Opportunities -Strengths Gov’t commitment Presence of comprehensive Labour proclamation Commitments/ willingness to improve OSH from higher Authorities OSH Organization Provision of Org infrastructures: from Federal to Zonal MOLSA; Factory level Motivated OSH inspectors (Federal and BOLSA level)

9. OSH Gaps Uncoordinated research not linked to priorities Inadequate capacity: number of experts, instruments, exposure assessment Training gaps: formal and on job (degrees, certificates, carrier ladder. Policy directions: addressing emerging industries, policy at local stakeholder level Organizational gaps: Ministry, Zone, Wereda; factory level Poorly organized M & E (OSH Surveillance) : indicators, infrequent data collection, data base, regular dissemination

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