鄭先祐 (Ayo) 教授 國立台南大學 環境與生態學院 生態科學與技術學系 環境生態研究所 + 生態旅遊研究所 Chap.16 Aging and Disease 鄭先祐 (Ayo) 教授 國立台南大學 環境與生態學院 生態科學與技術學系 環境生態研究所 + 生態旅遊研究所
Aging and disease Senescence in the wild? Theoretical and empirical perspectives on senescence The antagonistic pleiotropy model Disposable soma theory and longevity Hormones, heat-shock proteins, and aging Glucocorticoids, stress, and aging Heat-shock proteins and aging Disease and animal behavior Ayo 2010 Ethology
Bill is shown here at four different ages: 20, 21, 50, and 51. It the probability of Bill’s surviving from age 20 to 21 I greater than the corresponding probability of surviving from age 50 to 51, then senescence is occurring. Ayo 2010 Ethology
Senescence in red deer populations Fig. 16.2 After a female reaches about eight years old, senescence is seen in the lowered birthrate of the calves she produces. Senescence was greater in females that had reproduced often when they were young (green points) compared to females that had produced fewer calves when young (orange points). Ayo 2010 Ethology
Ayo 2010 Ethology
Senescence in the wild? Natural historians and ethologists long believed that senescence was rate in nature, since the prevailing wisdom was that animals rarely live long enough to begin senescing. It was not until Daniel Promislow undertook a rigid and systematic approach that ethologists realized that senescence occurred in animals in the wild. Ayo 2010 Ethology
In a sample of 26 species of mammals, most do not show signs of senescence until after the age of maturity. Both the x-axis and the y-axis are measured on a log scale. The solid line represents the points at which age of maturity and senescence occur at the same time. Points above the line indicate species that senesce after maturity. Ayo 2010 Ethology
Ayo 2010 Ethology
Theoretical and empirical perspectives on senescence The antagonistic pleiotropy model A gene is pleiotropic when it has more than one effect on an organism Antagonistic pleiotropy refers to instances in which the multiple effects of a single gene have opposite (antagonistic) effects on fitness. Disposable soma theory and longevity Human longevity Tsetse flies Cross-species tests Ayo 2010 Ethology
Ayo 2010 Ethology
Ayo 2010 Ethology
The antagonistic pleiotropy model 案例： The abnormal abdomen gene in fruit flies may be just such a pleiotropic gene. The effect of the abnormal abdomen gene is to cause the juvenile cuticle of the fruit fly to remain in place into adulthood. It greatly increase early reproduction in the fruit fly, but it also speeds up senescence and decreases longevity. Ayo 2010 Ethology
Ayo 2010 Ethology
Disposable soma theory Human longevity Demographic information from a historical population of 16,500 families that inhabited the Krummhorn region of Germany between 1720-1870. They focused on two fundamental predictions of the disposable soma theory That marred women should have shorter life spans than their unmarried counterparts There should be a negative relationship between fecundity and life span. Ayo 2010 Ethology
Ayo 2010 Ethology
Ayo 2010 Ethology
Ayo 2010 Ethology
Ayo 2010 Ethology
Ayo 2010 Ethology
Ayo 2010 Ethology
Ayo 2010 Ethology
Ayo 2010 Ethology
Ayo 2010 Ethology
Ayo 2010 Ethology
Ayo 2010 Ethology
Ayo 2010 Ethology
Ayo 2010 Ethology
Ayo 2010 Ethology
Ayo 2010 Ethology
Ayo 2010 Ethology
Ayo 2010 Ethology
Ayo 2010 Ethology
Ayo 2010 Ethology
Ayo NUTN website: http://myweb.nutn.edu.tw/~hycheng/ 問題與討論 Ayo NUTN website: http://myweb.nutn.edu.tw/~hycheng/