Programming Discrete Electronic Devices (C++) CETT 1431 By Khansaa Almansor

What is a programming language? Human Language: Commonly used to express Feelings and to understand other person expression. It can be oral or gestural kind of Communication. Programming Language is an artificial language designed to communicate instructions to a machine, particularly a computer.

What is programming? Hardware Software Programming Program Algorithm Algorithm: A set of steps that defines how a task is performed Program: A representation of an algorithm Programming: The process of developing a program Software: Programs and algorithms Hardware: Equipment used to input information (data) and output the results of the programs, algorithms.

An algorithm is an ordered set of unambiguous, executable steps that defines a terminating process. Examples: while (tickets remain to be sold) do (sell a ticket) while condition do activity Also known as a while loop

Program Software or Program Instructions that tell the computer what to do Programmer Someone who writes computer programs

Example: Repeating structure Task: Write Hello 500 times. Counter Algorithm Counter equal to 1 While counter is less than or equal to 500, write the word “Hello” and add 1 to Counter otherwise stop. Hello 500 501 4 2 3 1 Hello Hello … <End of loop> Hello Pseudocode Counter = 1 While counter is less than or equal to 500, write the word “Hello” and add 1 to Counter. Programming Code While (counter <= 500) do (print “Hello”; Counter = Counter + 1;)

Program is coding the algorithm “I want you to write on the chalk board, ‘I will not throw paper airplanes in class’, 500 times.”

Computer

History Timeline The Tower of Babel Genesis 11:1-7 Now the whole earth had one language and few words. And as men migrated from the east, they found a plain in the land of Shinar and settled there. And they said to one another, "Come, let us make bricks, and burn them thoroughly." And they had brick for stone, and bitumen for mortar. Then they said, "Come, let us build ourselves a city, and a tower with its top in the heavens, and let us make a name for ourselves, lest we be scattered abroad upon the face of the whole earth." And the Lord came down to see the city which the sons of men had built. And the Lord said, "Behold, they are one people, and they all have one language; and this is only the beginning of what they will do; and nothing that they propose to do will now be impossible for them. "Come, let us go down, and there confuse their language, that they may not understand one another's speech." So the Lord scattered them abroad from there over the face of all the earth, and they left off building the city. Therefore its name was called Babel, because the Lord confused the language of all the earth; and from there the Lord scattered them abroad over the face of all the earth.

Jacquard loom The Jacquard loom was the first machine to use punch cards to control a sequence of operations. Did not do computation, but important in history of computer science. The ability to change the pattern of the loom's weave by simply changing cards An important conceptual precursor to the development of computer programming. (Wikipedia)

What is a computer? Hardware & Software A computer is a electromechanical device which can be programmed to change (process) information from one form to another. Do exactly as they are told. Digital devices: Understand only two different states (OFF and ON) 11

Hardware Components Know these! 12

Software Operating System Software Application Software Software refers to a program or a set of instructions, data and applications used to manage and control various functions of a device such as a computer. The user of such devices needs software to manage. Operating System Software Application Software 14