The Republic of Texas 1836-1845

Texas today: approximately 268, 601 sq. miles. Republic of Texas: approximately 376, 163 sq. miles Texas today: approximately 268, 601 sq. miles. Difference of 107,562 sq. miles

Who were the Presidents of the Republic of Texas?

David G. Burnet Served only as the ad interim (temporary) president during the Texas Revolution in 1836.

Sam Houston 1836-1838 (1st popularly elected president of Texas) Texas debt was $1.25- 2 million Dismissed most of the Texas Army due to high financial cost Put tariffs on goods as a way to raise money

Sam Houston Replaced Army with Texas Rangers as a defensive force Wanted Texas annexation to the U.S. Couldn’t run for re-election Texas Constitution= NO consecutive terms Chose Houston for the Republic’s capital

Same Location: Modern day Republic of Texas Capitol building Houston 1837-1839 Same Location: Modern day Republic of Texas Capitol building Post Rice Lofts Location: Corner of Main St. & Texas Ave.

Cordova Rebellion Summer 1838 Nacogdoches had a large population of Tejanos Many Anglos move to East Texas after Revolution

Cordova Rebellion Vicente Cordova (loyal to Mexico) forms alliance with Cherokee Indians to rebel against Texas Sam Houston tries to calm the situation Texas army/ Rangers stops rebellion Impact: A distrust of Tejanos & Indians in Texas

Next election Peter Grayson James Collingsworth Robert Wilson 4 Candidates Peter Grayson James Collingsworth Robert Wilson Mirabeau B. Lamar Committed suicide before election day Got drunk & drowned in Galveston Bay before election day Won:…. 6,995 to 252 Mirabeau B. Lamar

Mirabeau B. Lamar 1838-1841 (2nd elected President) Didn’t want Texas to be annexed Increased TX debt from $3.3 million to $8 million Involved in establishing education system “Father of Education in Texas” Chose Austin as the site of the capital

After the Cordova Rebellion- Lamar wanted the Cherokees out of Texas Did not trust or like Indians After the Cordova Rebellion- Lamar wanted the Cherokees out of Texas Cherokees refuse to leave Sends soldiers to make them leave. Kill about 100 including Sam Houston’s friend Chief Bowles

Council House Fight March 19, 1840 Comanche agreed release all Anglo captives in San Antonio Returned a girl- Matilda Lockhart (all messed up) Matilda told of other captives Texans attempt to hold Comanche leaders hostage until they bring all captives Fighting starts- 7 Texans & 35 Comanche are killed After the fight the Comanche kill many of their captives and make raids on Anglo settlements

Mary Maverick Primary Source Early settler in Texas Recorded many of the important events of Texas in her diary Worked hard to make sure the history of Texas was preserved Primary Source

Texas Navy Lamar funds Texas Navy Edwin Moore commands the entire Texas Navy (Commodore) Won many battles in the Gulf of Mexico Very costly; Sam Houston tried to sell most of the ships during his second term

Jose Antonio Navarro Signer of the Texas Declaration of Independence Served in the Republic’s Congress & worked for Tejano rights Served as San Antonio’s Representative in the Texas Congress Wanted Texas to be annexed by the U.S.

Chief Bowles Cherokee Chief Made land treaties with the Republic of Texas Close friend of Sam Houston Killed when Lamar ordered Cherokee out of Texas & into Oklahoma

Republic of Texas Currency Debt is a huge problem for the new Republic (Red backs)

Expedition traveled over 1,000 miles & took about 3 months Santa Fe Expedition Texas claimed the Rio Grande as the border This included half of New Mexico Lamar sent soldiers to enforce this claim Soldiers were captured by Mexican soldiers Imprisoned in Mexico City – later released Expedition is a failure Expedition traveled over 1,000 miles & took about 3 months

John ‘Jack’ Coffee Hayes Texas Rangers Established to protect Texans from Indian & Mexican attacks Had to provide their own horses & equipment & had to live off the land (food) Payment- $25.00-$30.00 a month & land grants John ‘Jack’ Coffee Hayes Best known (famous) Texas Ranger Leader among the Rangers Paid $150 a month

Houston & Lamar had different ideas about… Native Americans Debt & Spending Annexation Education Who do you think is more popular with Texans at the time?

Houston Lamar Native Americans: Native Americans: Hated them Debt & Spending: Increased debt through government spending. Annexation: Didn’t want Texas annexed. Education: Strong efforts to establish education system in TX. “The Father of Education.” Native Americans: Loved them Debt & Spending: Tried to decrease debt Annexation: Wanted Texas to be annexed. Education: Did nothing to establish an education system in TX.

Who would you have voted for? Lamar/Houston Who would you have voted for?

Sam Houston 1841-1844 (3rd elected President) Tried to decrease Texas debt Wanted peaceful American Indian policies Wanted Texas to be annexed to the U.S.

still had conflicts with Mexico. Texas still had conflicts with Mexico.

Mier Expedition Mexicans attack San Antonio Sept. 1842 Texans attack Mexicans at Salado Creek. Mexicans retreat & take Texan prisoners President Houston orders General Somervell & Texas militia to Rio Grande to recapture the prisoners. = Not enough troops to defeat the Mexicans. 300 men disobey & invade Mexico at the small town of Mier = need supplies. 3,000 Mexican soldiers are there waiting. A battle occurs ending in Texan surrender. March Texans back to Mexico City. 176 make it. Santa Anna orders every 10th prisoner shot.

The Texas prisoners were lined up & forced to draw a bean from a jar. If they drew a… They Died They Lived

Some of the others were later pardoned, escaped or released. Eventually there was peace between Mexico & Texas British & U.S. diplomats urged Mexico to release prisoners.

Compare & Contrast Mier Expedition Santa Fe Expedition -Compare & Contrast these 2 expeditions (using notes) -3 points of information in each Mier Expedition Santa Fe Expedition

Anson Jones 4th and last president of the Republic of Texas 1844-1845 4th and last president of the Republic of Texas Successfully got Texas annexed into the U.S.

December 29, 1845 Texas is annexed into the U. S December 29, 1845 Texas is annexed into the U.S. becoming the 28th State of the United States

Writing Assignment Who do you think the best president for the Republic of Texas was? Use at least 8 facts that you have learned to support your argument. Underline these facts.