Active & Passive Forms

subject (thing doing action) + verb + object (thing receiving action) What is Active Form? When we use active form, the thing doing the action is the subject and the thing receiving the action is the object. Active Form subject (thing doing action) + verb + object (thing receiving action)

What is Passive Form? When we use passive form, the thing receiving the action is the subject and the thing doing the action is the agent that optionally included near the end of the sentence. Passive Form subject (thing receiving action) + be + past participle of verb + by + agent (thing doing action) Optional

How to Change Active into Passive Form Ardha brings the dictionary Active subject verb object Passive The dictionary is brought by Ardha subject be + past participle verb agent

S + be (am/is/are) + V3 + by + agent (optional) 1. Present Simple Active Passive Example Active : Cempaka cleans the house twice a week. Passive : S + V1/V1+s (do/does) + O S + be (am/is/are) + V3 + by + agent (optional) The house is cleaned by Cempaka twice a week.

S + be (was/were) + V3 + by + agent (optional) 2. Past Simple Active Passive S + V2 (did + V1) + O S + be (was/were) + V3 + by + agent (optional) Example Active : Passive : Someone stole Novita’s money yesterday. Novita’s money was stolen yesterday.

S + will + be + V3 + by + agent (optional) 3. Future Simple Active Passive Example Active : Will Regina finish the work by 11:00 PM? Passive : S + will + V1 + O S + will + be + V3 + by + agent (optional) Will the work be finished by Regina by 11:00 PM?

S + would + be + V3 + by + agent (optional) 4. Past Future Simple Active Passive S + would + V1 + O S + would + be + V3 + by + agent (optional) Example Active : Passive : Raudya would not collect the money after 12:00 PM. The money would not be collected by Raudya after 12:00 PM.

5. Present Continuous Active Passive Example Active : Is Fachri visiting Dina right now? Passive : S + be (am/is/are) + Ving + O S + be (am/is/are) + being + V3 + by + agent (optional) Is Dina being visited by Fachri right now?

6. Past Continuous Active Passive Example Active : Passive : S + be (was/were) + Ving + O S + be (was/were) + being + V3 + by + agent (optional) Example Active : Passive : We were bullying Dina the whole morning yesterday. Dina was being bullied by us the whole morning yesterday.

S + will + be + being + V3 + by + agent (optional) 7. Future Continuous Active Passive S + will + be + Ving + O S + will + be + being + V3 + by + agent (optional) Example Active : Passive : Jemmy will be doing a linguistics proposal the whole night tomorrow. A linguistics proposal will be being done by Jemmy the whole night tomorrow.

8. Past Future Continuous Active Passive S + would + be + Ving + O S + would + be + being + V3 + by + agent (optional) Example Active : Passive : Alief would be composing a rap song when the class quieted down. A rap song would be being composed by Alief when the class quieted down.

S + have/has + been + V3 + by + agent (optional) 9. Present Perfect Active Passive S + have/has + V3 + O S + have/has + been + V3 + by + agent (optional) Example Active : Passive : Has Ecan washed the dishes after the breakfast? Have the dishes been washed by Ecan after the breakfast?

S + had + been + V3 + by + agent (optional) 10. Past Perfect Active Passive S + had + V3 + O S + had + been + V3 + by + agent (optional) Example Active : Passive : Sule had sent the presentation to Ms. Dwi before Tani did. The presentation had been sent by Sule to Ms. Dwi before Tani did.

S + will + have + been + V3 + by + agent (optional) 11. Future Perfect Active Passive S + will + have + V3 + O S + will + have + been + V3 + by + agent (optional) Example Active : Passive : Arsha will have finished the exam before the bell rings. The exam will have been finished by Arsha before the bell rings.

S + would + have + been + V3 + by + agent (optional) 12. Past Future Perfect Active Passive S + would + have + V3 + O S + would + have + been + V3 + by + agent (optional) Example Active : Passive : Dellia would have downloaded some films if she had known that there was a free wi-fi. Some films would have been downloaded by Dellia if she had known that there was a free wi-fi.

13. Present Perfect Continuous Active Passive S + have/has + been + Ving + O S + have/has + been + being + V3 + by + agent (optional) Example Active : Passive : Rohma has been studying accounting since she was a high school girl. Accounting has been being studied by Rohma since she was a high school girl.

14. Past Perfect Continuous Active Passive S + had + been + Ving + O S + had + been + being + V3 + by + agent (optional) Example Active : Passive : We had been playing Uno (card game) since 09:30 AM. Uno (card game) had been being played by us since 09:30 AM.

15. Future Perfect Continuous Active Passive S + will + have + been + Ving + O S + will + have + been + being + V3 + by + agent (optional) Example Active : Passive : They will have been following a seminar for 2 hours at 01:00 PM. A seminar will have been being followed by them for 2 hours at 01:00 PM.

16. Past Future Perfect Continuous Active Passive S + would + have + been + Ving + O S + would + have + been + being + V3 + by + agent (optional) Example Active : Passive : Jemmy would have been listening to the Beatles for an hour. The Beatles would have been being listened to by Jemmy for an hour.

Exercise Put Following Active Sentences into the Passive Voice

Someone has already paid the electrician for his work.

They taught him French and give him a dictionary

When we first met, they had already offered me a job at the bank.

A man requested the stranger to leave the meeting.

A young woman asked the rest of us to be there at eight.

They had eaten all the dinner before they finished the conversation.

Who wrote it?

The author has written a special edition for children.

Did he offend you?

Why didn’t they fix the roof?

The burglars had cut a huge hole in the steel door?

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