WWI Take Home Notes Archer

7-4.1 WWI Vocab Define ‘Terms to Know’ from Chapter 4 Arms race Alliance Mobilization Entente Balance of power Central powers Allied powers Neutrality Trench warfare Propaganda blockade

MAIN Causes of WWI Militarism European countries continued to build bigger and bigger armies and navies to help them take over lands

Alliances Countries made military alliances agreeing to help each other out against rivals Russia, France and England = Triple Entente Germany, Italy and Austria-Hungary = Triple Alliance

Imperialism Countries were competing to make new colonies and grow their wealth

Nationalism Not all nations had their own country and were included into larger empires (Astro-Hungarian and Ottoman) People wanted independence from empires and to create their own countries Differences in the culture led to conflict in the empires

The Spark of the ‘Great War’ June 1914 Archduke Franz Ferdinand (heir to Austria Hungary's Empire) was assassinated by a Serbian nationalist

How WWI Begins Ferdinand is killed in Bosnia by a Serbian Nationalist Austria-Hungary and Serbia begin to fight Russia joins to help Serbia Germany joins to help Austria-Hungary War spreads through Europe Central Powers (Triple Alliance: Germany, Austria- Hungary,Bulgaria, Ottoman Empire) Allied Powers (Triple Entente: Britain, France, Italy, Belgium, Russia, and eventually…the U.S.)

7-4.1 Weapons and Battle Fronts WWI was more deadly because of modern fighting The Industrial Revolution helped make new weapons (tanks, machine guns, airplanes, submarines, poison gas & gas masks, long range artillery) Choose 2 from the list on pg 185 and write how they were used Many thought this would cause WWI to end quickly

How could a dog be used in war?

What would be good/bad about fighting from a trench? Trench Warfare Fighting style used in the western battles. Soldiers fought from two ditches that stretched from the English Channel to Switzerland This slowed the war down and cost lots of money Trench foot, a serious infection, negatively impacted troops What would be good/bad about fighting from a trench?

Western Front: Trench Warfare, French and British vs Germans Battle Fronts 3 main areas of fighting Western Front: Trench Warfare, French and British vs Germans stalemate Eastern Front: Germany and Russia fighting. Some countries trying to break from imperial rule joined (Serbia vs Germany, Bulgaria vs Russia) Italian Front: Italy and France vs Germany and Austria- Hungary

7-4.1 Propaganda & US Involvement Propaganda played an important role in WWI Propaganda: information used to promote a certain point of view Served multiple roles in WWI Recruit men as soldiers Encourage citizens that their country should join/avoid WWI Defame the character of the enemy

U.S. Enters WWI Read pg 186 and answer each question with complete sentences Which president felt we should stay out of the war? What is a U-boat? How many people died on the Lusitania? Who did Arthur Zimmermann send a message to? What year did Congress declare war?

US was neutral when WWI started (long time friends with Britain) Trade with the allies were limited by Germany Americans didn’t like how brutal Germany was with U-boats 1915 Germany sunk the Lusitania passenger ship with Americans on board Germany promised to restrict U-boat warfare

Zimmerman Telegram January 1917: German message sent to Mexico Promised Mexico land if they would attack the US Spring of 1917 Germany resumed unrestricted submarine warfare-> US merchant ships were attacked Woodrow Wilson asks Congress to declare war on Germany, April 1917

USS Maine Lusitania

Changes in Russia Before WWI there were; high taxes, poor working conditions, and unequal political rights Many were bitter about WWI losses Czar Nicholas II was authoritarian and unable to keep the people happy

March 1917 the working class led the Bolshevik Revolution The Czar and his family was executed Vladimir Lenin took control of Russia and made peace with Germany to leave WWI in March 1918 Russia practices communism and becomes the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) aka: Soviet Union

7-4.1 WWI Comes to An End Germany Surrenders Despite Germany’s blockade of Britain and Russia's withdrawal from the war the Central Powers suffered many losses American troops were able to deflect German troops on the western front November 11, 1918 Germany signed cease fire and fighting ended The Central Powers were defeated and peace agreements would be negotiated

WWI Timeline: Place the following events in the correct order Germany signs a cease-fire agreement with the Allied Powers The United States joins the Allied Powers Bolsheviks take over Russia and execute Czar Nicholas II Archduke Franz Ferdinand is assassinated Lusitania is sunk by German U-boats

Effects of WWI Vocab find the definition for each term Armistice Big Four Compromise Fourteen Points Reparation League of Nations Treaty of Versailles Mandate Balfour Declaration

7-4.2 Wilson’s 14 Points After the war a meeting was held in Paris by Allied leaders Woodrow Wilson hoped to fix the problems and undo the MAIN causes of the war He presented his ideas in The 14 Points No military buildups No secret alliances Right to self-determination League of Nations (group to prevent war)

Treaty of Versailles Treaty was signed in June 1919 European victors wanted to weaken Germany Main Points of the Treaty: Punish Germany!!! “War Guilt Clause”, Germany accept responsibility for starting the war Germany had to pay reparations German Military Restrictions: no air force/submarines, limited to 100,000 soldiers Germany lost territory Demilitarization of the Rhineland

Problems with the Treaty Harsh punishments cause economic and political problems in Germany Since some countries (like Russia) weren’t at the meetings the winners didn’t act as a strong group Will not be able to prevent future wars

14 Points Treaty of Versailles

7-4.2 League of Nations The League was supposed to work towards world peace It did not work—weak and unstructured Not all major powers were members US chose not to join Germany and Russia weren’t allowed to join for over 7 years Japan and Italy dropped out after a few years

Why didn’t the League work? No authority with nations that weren’t members Could wage war, but had to get volunteer troops Needed unanimous consent for decisions (everyone agrees)

7-4.2 Boundary Changes after WWI To further weaken Central Power countries many of them lost land in the treaties following the war Austro-Hungarian and Ottoman Empires were split up into new countries Germany lost many territories (including any overseas) Poland was created as a new country between Germany and Russia Russia lost territory in the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk they made with Germany in 1917 The Soviets will get some of this land back but not much