Chesapeake Bay Opening: Why do you move? Activity: Jamestown and Maryland Notes Closure: Solving the Mystery, Roanoke

Opening Question Why do people move to a different town, state, country?

Settling the Chesapeake

The Lost Colony Roanoke Colony (1854 - 1590) 1st Colony Established (1854) Mostly Men Humphrey Gilbert & Walter Raleigh 1st Abandoned (1586) 2nd Colony Established (1587) Governor John White Men, Women & Children 2nd Abandonment (1590) Solving the Mystery - Theories

The 3rd Colony (Jamestown) The Virginia Company 1606 If a company founded the settlement what is their goal? May 1607 Three ships harbor in the Chesapeake Godspeed, Discovery, Susan Constant What to do first?

Jamestown Fort

Jamestown First Settlers Captain John Smith 104 Males Captain John Smith Elected to Government in 1608 Martial Law "He who does not work, will not eat." Gun powder explosion – sent back to England The Starving Time (1609 – 1610)

Jamestown John Rolfe Tobacco Production in Virginia Experiments with Tobacco Europe becomes addicted Tobacco becomes a cash crop Tobacco Production in Virginia 1618: 20,000 lbs. 1622: 60,000 lbs. 1627: 500,000 lbs. 1629: 1.5 mil lbs.

Indentured Servants “Headright” System Indentured Servants Individuals would receive 50 – 100 acres for every person coming to the new world Wealthy would receive 50 acres by paying passage for indentured servants Indentured Servants Poor Europeans Work to gain freedom White “Slaves”

African Slaves Slave Trade The Middle Passage Portuguese and English largest traders Most slaves captured during conquest The Middle Passage Shipping from Africa to Americas

Middle Passage Conditions

African Slaves

Settling Maryland Why does the Jamestown settlement begin to expand? George Calvert (Lord Baltimore) Refuge for Catholics Tobacco Farming Local Governments

Powhatan – Virginian Relations European Settlements Powhatan Confederacy

Indian Uprising (1622) Powhatan Attacks Peace is Negotiated (1623) 60 people killed Peace is Negotiated (1623) Then Colonists Poison 200 Natives Policy of “perpetual enmity”

Solving the Mystery Based on what we know and the first hand accounts, provide a theory for why the Roanoke colony was abandoned… What were the problems they were facing? How was the relationship between the Natives and colonists? What evidence do we have?

Problems in the Chesapeake Based upon what you know what problems did the colonists in the Chesapeake face? What is the “Social Contract”? How does the Social Contract pertain to Nathanial Bacon and his followers?

Bacon’s Rebellion Nathanial Bacon Followers Problems Cambridge Educated Planter in Virginia Colony Followers Newly freed men (former indentured servants) Working poor of the society Problems No land for expansion Poverty gap (Rich v. Poor)

The Start of Rebellion Causes Summer 1675 Winter 1675 – 76 Dropping Tobacco Prices Rising Taxes Price increase in English goods (mercantilism) Summer 1675 Frontiersman attack local tribe Gov. Berkley denounces the attack Discontent with Gov. Berkley Winter 1675 – 76 Susquehannocks counter attack 36 Colonists lay dead

Just Add Bacon Nathanial Bacon Ending the Rebellion Takes control of frontiersmen Attacks the Indians Attacks Jamestown (Gov. Berkley) Ending the Rebellion Defeat of Indians and beginning of the harvest Nathanial Bacon dies January 1677

Results of Bacon Indian Relations Virginian Society Slavery Indians are seen as mortal enemies Extermination of Indians when needed Virginian Society Still majority male – profit seekers Little family or institutional cohesion Slavery Virginians turn to African slaves, slavery is ingrained Poor whites always above African slaves No property, voting, testifying, politics, travelling or marrying

Continued Population Growth