Kingdoms Domain: Eukarya Domain: Archaea Domain: Bacteria

Kingdoms B. 8-C  Identify characteristics of kingdoms including Archaebacteria, Eubacteria, Protists, Fungi, Plants, Animals and evaluate adaptations of these groups in various habitats. There are 3 domains: Eukarya, Bacteria, and Archaea

Archaebacteria Domain: Archaea Unicellular, prokaryotic. Cell wall, no peptidoglycans. Nutrition Autotrophic & Heterotrophic Reproduction – asexual mostly, sometimes sexual when stressed Types Methanogens Extremophiles (thermophiles) Nonextreme

How are Archaebacteria different than Eubacteria? Live in harsh environments. DNA sequence is more similar to Eukaryotes than Eubacteria.

Eubacteria Unicellular, prokaryotic. Nutrition Domain: Bacteria Unicellular, prokaryotic. Cell wall, has peptidoglycans – weblike molecule made of carbohydrates and peptides. Nutrition Autotrophic & Heterotrophic Reproduction – asexual mostly, sometimes sexual when stressed Types Enterobacteria Streptococcus

Benefits of Bacteria Decomposers Important to our health Normally found on skin or body: this is called flora – help keep bad bacteria from building up Help digest food Help make food and chemicals ex. swiss cheese, pickles, sourdough bread

Harmful Bacteria Can make you sick Examples use your body’s nutrients produce harmful toxins Examples Strept Throat –Streptococcal pharyngitis Staph Infection – Staphylococcal aureus Chlamydia – Chlamydia trachomatis Pneumonia – Streptococcal pneumoniae

Antibiotics Drug or compound that can kill bacteria Interfere with different cellular process of bacteria. Made from Fungi or other bacteria. Ex. Penicillin Bacteria can become antibiotic-resistant from overuse antibiotics Ex. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)

Protista Domain: Eukarya Unicellular & Multicellular Eukaryotic cells (nucleus) Nutrition Autotrophic Hetertrophic Reproduction – asexual, sometimes sexual when stressed Types Algae Giant kelp Amoebas Euglenas

Live in ponds, lakes, and oceans Carries out 30-40% of Earth’s photosynthesis. Can be beneficial major part of food chain - as producers or decomposer used to make food products like ice cream. Can be harmful Some parasitic and cause disease Plasmodium – Malaria Trypanosome – African Sleeping Sickness Amoeba Giardia – bloody diarrhea

Malaria African Sleeping Sickness Naegleria fowleri In brain tissue

Paramecium Euglena Dog Vomit Sllime Mold - decomposer Green Algae

Brown Algae (Rhodophyta) Most Plant-like of all algae. Include kelps Can grow to huge sizes (100') Most primitive plant like organism to show alternation of generations. Giant Kelp Forest

Fungi Domain: Eukarya Eukaryotic; unicellular & multicellular cellwall Chitin - carbohydrate Nutrition Heterotroph Reproduction Sexual & asexual Types Yeast Mushrooms

More Characteristics Live in warm, moist environments Non-motile Important decomposers & recyclers of nutrients in the environment Largest organism on earth Mushrooms have root type structure called hyphae which can spread underground for miles.

Beneficial Fungi Food Penicillian Mushrooms - edible species Yeast used to make food Bread Beer Wine Root Beer Penicillian Penicillium mold

Harmful Fungi Can cause disease Can be parasites Ringworm Yeast infections - Candida albicans Vaginal Jock Itch Athlete’s Foot Can be parasites Cordyceps video

Plantae Domain: Eukarya Eukaryotic; multicellular Cell wall, cellulose Nutrition Autotrophic Reproduction Sexual mostly and asexual Types Roses Pine Trees Grass

Animalia Domain: Eukarya Eukaryotic; multicellular no cell wall, has cell membrane Nutrition Heterotroph Reproduction –mostly sexual Types Chimps, humans, dogs Fish, sharks, octupus Butterfly, bugs, etc Earthworms, slugs

Animals without a backbone. Invertebrates Animals without a backbone.

Animals with backbones can be divided into five more groups: Vertebrates Animals with backbones can be divided into five more groups: Mammals Fish Reptiles Amphibians Birds

Parthenogenesis Form of asexual reproduction where embryo develops without fertilization Komodo Dragon Whip Tail Lizard Turkey

Six Kingdom Assignment