By: Nick Day and Jordan Penney Alcohols By: Nick Day and Jordan Penney

What is an alcohol? Alcohols are a large group of organic chemical compounds. There are many types of alcohols, and they are all types of hydrocarbons in which one or more of the hydrogen atoms has been replaced with a hydroxyl (OH). The four most common alcohols are methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol and 2-propanol.

Naming Alcohols use the same naming format as alkanes. 1. Determine the parent chain. The parent chain must be the longest that includes the carbon holding the OH group 2. Number according to the end closest to the –OH group regardless of where alkyl substituent's are. 3. The format is as follows: (location of branch)-(branch name)-(location of OH group)-(parent chain) 4. Change the parent chain “e” ending to an “ol”. For example butanol

Naming 2.0 All alcohols contain the hydroxyl functional group OH attached to alkanes. The general formula for alcohols is R-OH. Where “R” represents any chain of carbon and hydrogen atoms. If there is more than one hydroxyl group, it is called a polyalcohol. They are named almost the same as regular alcohols except you add a “di”, “tri”, etc. before the “ol” ending. For example ethanediol.

Properties of an alcohol Alcohols fall into different classes depending on how the OH group is positioned on the chain of carbon atoms. Primary alcohols are alcohols in which the carbon atom that carries the OH group is only attached to one alkyl group Secondary alcohols are pretty much the same except the carbon with the OH attachment is linked with 2 alkyl groups. Tertiary alcohols are also the same except they attach to 3 alkyl groups.

Properties of an alcohol 2.0 The boiling points of alcohols rise with the molar mass of an alcohol For each increment of CH1 the boiling point rises about 20°C. except from methanol to ethanol only goes up by 12°C Alcohols are neutral bodies, and they have resemblances with acids and also bases.

Properties of methanol CH3OH Also called methyl alcohol, it is the simplest form of alcohol. Methanol is a colourless liquid with a settled odour. It burns with a nonluminous flame. It is a violent poison, if it is consumed it can cause blindness and often death.

Properties of methanol 2.0 Melting point: -97.7°C Boiling point: 65°C Molar mass: 32.05 g/mol Freezing point: -97.7°C Boiling point: 64.6°c

Properties of ethanol C2H5OH Ethanol is also known as ethyl alcohol. Ethanol is a colourless liquid with a pleasant smell Unlike methanol, ethanol is not poisonous. It is the alcohol you would find in drinks such as beer, wine and spirits.

Properties of ethanol 2.0 Melting point: -114.1°C Boiling point: 78.5°C Molecular weight: 46.08 g/mol Freezing point: -114.1°C

Everyday uses of alcohol Ethanol is the type of alcohol found in liquor, which is what it is probably most known for. It is also used in a variety of other household items, like mouthwash, perfume/cologne, cleaning supplies, paint thinner, etc. Alcohol is also used at industrial levels, for making bottles, heavy duty cleaners, sanitizers, medicine and cosmetics.

Fermentation Fermentation processes from any material that contains sugar, and then it can form ethanol. The sugars convert into cellular energy and then form ethanol and carbon dioxide.

Pictures