World History Chapter 4 Ancient Greece 1750B.C.-133B.C. Amanda Harrison Evelyn Xu Jennifer Zhang Eric

Section 2 The Rise of Greek City-States

Objectives Understand how geography influenced the Greek city-states. Define the three types of government that develop in the Greek city-states. Explain how Sparta and Athens differed. Identify the culture and values shared by Greeks. Pg. 118 in the textbook

Geography Shapes Greece Landscape defines political boundaries: The Greeks built many small city-states, cut off from one another by mountains or water. Each included a city and its surrounding countryside. Life by the Sea: The seas provided a vital link to the world outside. The Greek coastline offered safe harbors for ships. They became skilled sailors and traders. They cargoes of olive oil, wine, and marble to parts throughout the eastern Mediterranean. As they traveled, they acquired new ideas from foreign lands, which they adapted to their own needs. Objectives 1: Understand how geography influenced the Greek city-states

Geography Shapes Greece Pg.119 in the textbook From this map, we can see that all the cities are cut off from one another by mountains or water And the sailors traveled around to trade different goods.

Governing the City-States As their world expanded, the Greeks evolved a unique version of the polis. The polis consisted of a major city or town and its surrounding countryside. The Acropolis, or high cities, with its many temples, stood on a hill. Because the population was small for each city-state, the citizens felt a share sense of responsibility for the triumphs and failures of their polis. However, the rights of citizens were unequal, male landowners held all the political power. Vocab: Polis: city- states Acropolis: high city Citizen: a native or resident of a town or city

Governing the City-States Three different forms of government have evolved in Greece. Monarchy: a hereditary ruler exercises central power. Aristocracy: rule by the landholding elite. Oligarchy: where power is in the hands of a small, wealthy elite. Objectives 2: Define the three types of government that developed in the Greek city-states. Different forms of government evolved in Greece. At first, there was a monarchy. In a monarchy, a hereditary ruler exercises central power. In time, the power shifted to an aristocracy-or rule by the landholding elite. As trade expanded and a wealthy middle class emerged, the result was a form of government called an oligarchy-where power is in the hands of a small, wealthy elite.

Governing the City-States A new method of fighting also emerged. The phalanx was a massive tactical formation of heavily armed foot soldiers. Vocab: Phalanx

Sparta: A Warrior Society In the city-state of Sparta, Spartans focused on developing strong military skills, paying less attention to trade, wealth, new ideas, or the arts. In Sparta, daily life is ruled by disciple. At the age of 7, boys began training for a lifetime in the military. A man could get married at 20, but he continued to be in the military. Girls’ job was to produce healthy sons for the army, and some women took on responsibilities for family’s estate, while men were occupied with war.

Sparta: A Warrior Society

Sparta and Athens

Athens Evolves Into a Democracy Vocab: Athens Democracy Tyrant Legislature In Athens, government evolved from a monarchy into an aristocracy. Under the aristocracy, discontent spread among ordinary citizens. Slowly Athens moved toward democracy, or government by the people.

Athens Evolves Into a Democracy Despite government reforms under the leadership of Solon in around 594 B.C, there was still unrest. This led to the rise of tyrants, or those who gained power by force. They often won support from the merchant class and the poor by imposing reforms to help these groups. In 507 B.C., the reformer Cleisthenes broadened the role of ordinary citizens in government and made the assembly a genuine legislature, or lawmaking body.

Sparta Athens Government: evolved from a monarchy into an aristocracy, and then democracy Women: manage the entire household, to be participated in religion, could own no property Focused on: wealth, new ideas, education, arts Government: two kings and a council of elders Women: to produce healthy sons, some could own family property Focused on: developing strong military skills Looked down on: trade, wealth, new ideas, or arts. Objectives 3: Explain how Sparta and Athens differed. Put military training above all else Encourage to explore many areas of knowledge

Forces for Unity Despite divisions among city-states, Greeks shared a common culture. They spoke the same language honored the same ancient heroes participated in common festivals prayed to the same gods. Objectives 4: Identify the culture and values shared by Greeks.

Forces for Unity The Greeks were polytheistic, they believed that the gods lived on Mount Olympus in northern Greece. They honored their gods with temples and festivals, which included processions, sacrifices, feasts, plays, choral singing, and athletic competitions.

Forces for Unity

Quiz Time 1. ( ) A Greek city-state was called a _____ A. Polis B. Phalanx C. Acropolis D. Oligarchy 2. ( ) The free residents of a city-state were its ___ A. Oligarchy B. Citizens C. Aristocracy D. Acropolis 3. ( ) What is the name of a government ruled by a small group of wealthy people? A. Democracy B. Monarchy C. Dictatorship D. Oligarchy 4. ( ) Spartan soldiers used a phalanx to fight a___ A. spiked metal ball B. broad sword C. tactical formation D. shield 5. ( ) People who gain power by force are known as__ A. Oligarchs B. Citizens C. Spartans D. Tyrants

Quiz Time 6. ( ) Where did Greeks believe the gods lived? A. In the heavens B. On mount Olympus C. In the sea D. On mount Vesuvius 7. ( ) At what age did Spartans begin military training? A. 7 B. 10 C. 13 D. 16  8. ( ) Which of the following was NOT a reform made by Solon of Athens? A. Banned the export of olive oil B. Outlawed debt slavery C. Opened high offices to more citizens D. Gave the assembly more power

Quiz Time 9. ( ) How was democracy in Athens limited? A. No debate was allowed in the legislature B. The legislature was not allowed to make laws C. There was no assembly D. Only landowning men could participate in government 10. ( ) How were women treated differently in Sparta and Athens? A. Athenian women had B. Athenian women could more of an influence on inherit property, while society than Spartan women. Spartan women could not. C. Athenians were isolated; D. Spartan women were sent Spartan women took on into war, while Athenian many responsibilities while women stayed home. men were at war.

Homework Short Essays 1. How did geography influence the development of Greece? 2. How did the systems of government and education differ between Athens and Sparta? 3. Why do you think the three different forms of government evolved over time?

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