Chapter 4: Elements of Life

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Presentation transcript:

Chapter 4: Elements of Life Reminder: Vocabulary Quiz Tomorrow!

What did you discover about surface tension from the lab on Friday? What type of water had the highest surface tension? Lowest? What errors/weaknesses did you see in the procedure? What are your recommendations for future testing?

Periodic Table of Elements What is this number? Periodic Table of Elements

Atomic Number: Different for each element Represents # of protons Same # of electrons unless it is an ion (+/- charge) Metals vs. Non-Metals Metal: shiny, conductors of heat and electricity, high melting point, high density (heavy for their size), malleable (can be hammered), solid at room temperature, 1-3 electrons in the outer shell of each metal Non-Metal: dull, poor conductors of heat and electricity, usually have 4-8 electrons in their outer shell

Review Element Trace Element Pure substance that can’t be broken down Element that makes up less than .04% of your body mass

Ionic Bond Forms an Ion Attempt to create stable electrons The goal is to have 8 electrons in the outer shell When an element loses an electron it becomes + charged an when it gains an electron it becomes - charged

Creates a compound with 1 + and 1 - charged ion Always between a metal and non-metal Examples:

Baseball Game Example: Each team is an atom, and the players are electrons. Team A is short one player and Team B has an extra player. Team A asks Team B to loan them a player. This exchange is similar to ionic bonding- the player (electron) is transferred from one team (atom) to another and the teams play (bonded).

Covalent Bond Formed by sharing one or more pairs of electrons Two non-metals

If they are made from the same elements then the pull is equal Create molecules If they are made from the same elements then the pull is equal With different elements one pull may be stronger, as seen in water Hydrogen Water

Baseball Game Example: Suppose Team C has no pitcher and Team D has no catcher. Team D lets their catcher catch for both teams and Team C lets their pitcher pitch for both teams. The two teams (atoms), share two players (electrons), completing each team (atom).

Video Clips Ionic and Covalent Bonding Water Hydrogen Bonding

Metal and Non Metal = Ionic Bond Two Non Metals = Covalent Bond

Chemical Reaction Breaking of old bonds and formation of new bonds that create new substances Give off or use up energy Written form: 2K + Cl2 --> 2KCl

Reactants Products Do not lose any elements, they are just rearranged

Assignment: Worksheet 4.1-4.4 Complete and turn in before the end of the period