Mutation: any change in the DNA of an organism.

Mutation: any change in the DNA of an organism. What determines if a mutation is helpful?

Mutation’s A mutation is helpful if it gives the organism an advantage over ones without the mutation.

Truths about mutations:

Truths about mutations: Most mutations are minor.

Truths about mutations: Most mutations are minor. Many mutations are harmful.

Truths about mutations: Most mutations are minor. Many mutations are harmful. Some mutations are lethal.

Truths about mutations: Most mutations are minor. Many mutations are harmful. Some mutations are lethal. Very few mutations are helpful.

Truths about mutations: Most mutations are minor. Many mutations are harmful. Some mutations are lethal. Very few mutations are helpful. Mutations effect protein synthesis

Genetic mutations

Here is a good mutation! You are many good mutations!

Comparing bones.

Types of mutations: By cell type:

Types of mutations: By cell type: Germ mutation - occur in gametes (reproductive cells).

Types of mutations: By cell type: Germ mutation - occur in gametes (reproductive cells). Germ mutations occur only in the sex cells.

Types of mutations: By cell type: Germ Cell mutation - occur in gametes (reproductive cells). Germ mutations occur only in the sex cells. These mutations are more threatening because they can be passed to offspring (forever).

Types of mutations: By cell type: Somatic cell mutation

Types of mutations: By cell type: Somatic cell mutations Some people may have mutations in their skin cells or hair.

Types of mutations: By cell type: Somatic cell mutations Some people may have mutations in their skin cells or hair. Such mutations are termed Somatic

Types of mutations: By amount of nuclear material:

Types of mutations: By amount of nuclear material: Chromosome mutations:

Types of mutations: By amount of nuclear material: Chromosome mutations: Deletion - a piece of a chromosome breaks off and is lost.

Types of mutations: By amount of nuclear material: Chromosome mutations: Deletion - a piece of a chromosome breaks off and is lost. Inversion - a piece of a chromosome breaks off and reattaches itself in reverse order.

Types of mutations: By amount of nuclear material: Chromosome mutations: Deletion - a piece of a chromosome breaks off and is lost. Inversion - a piece of a chromosome breaks off and reattaches itself in reverse order. Translocation - a broken piece attaches to a nonhomologous chromosome.

Inversion - a piece of a chromosome breaks off and reattaches itself in reverse order.

Translocation - a broken piece attaches to a nonhomologous chromosome.

Types of mutations: By amount of nuclear material: Chromosome mutations: Deletion - a piece of a chromosome breaks off and is lost. Inversion - a piece of a chromosome breaks off and reattaches itself in reverse order. Translocation - a broken piece attaches to a nonhomologous chromosome. Nondisjunction - a pair of chromosomes fail to separate during cell division.

Types of mutations: Chromosome mutations: Down's syndrome A genetic defect caused by having one extra chromosome (3x21 chromosomes) in the carrier. Sufferers express characteristics such as heart defects, mental retardation and stunted growth.

Chromosome mutations

A Nenana hunter discovered this two-headed fetus in a cow moose he shot. It has been frozen pending a detailed biological study. (Courtesy of Jack Irwin) Published: February 23, 2002 ADN

By amount of nuclear material: Gene mutations:

By amount of nuclear material: Gene mutations: Point mutation - a change in a single nitrogen base in DNA.

By amount of nuclear material: Gene mutations: Point mutation - a change in a single nitrogen base in DNA. Frame-shift mutation - the addition or deletion of a nitrogen base, causing the gene sequence to read out of sequence.

Mutagen: anything that causes a mutation. Some well known environmental examples:

Mutagen: anything that causes a mutation. Some well known environmental examples: Ultraviolet radiation

Mutagen: anything that causes a mutation. Some well known environmental examples: Ultraviolet radiation Tars from tobacco

Mutagen: anything that causes a mutation. Some well known environmental examples: Ultraviolet radiation Tars from tobacco Asbestos

Big-Bottomed Sheep Have A Rare Genetic Mutation That Builds Muscle, Not Fat