European Exploration 1492-1585

IN THE MIDDLE AGES EUROPEAN COUNTRIES EXPANDED BEYOND THEIR BORDERS AFTER EUROPE WAS INTRODUCED TO THE SPICES AND RICHES OF AFRICA AND ASIA; SEVERAL COUNTRIES DESIRED A MORE DIRECT ROUTE SINCE THE TRADE ROUTES AND PRICES WERE CONTROLLED BY OTHERS. SPAIN, PORTUGAL, ENGLAND, FRANCE, AND THE NETHERLANDS BEGAN SEARCHING FOR NEW ROUTES VIA THE OCEAN. SEARCHING FOR A SHORTCUT

PRINCE HENRY THE NAVIGATOR 1400s Started the Portuguese School of Navigation Navigators begin to explore the West African Coast Age of Discovery Begins

NEW TECHNOLOGY: COMPASS GLOBE RUDDER IMPROVED SHIPBUILDING TECHNIQUES AND DESIGN (Caravel) QUADRANT (IMPROVED ABILITY TO DETERMINE LATITUDE BASED ON ALTITUDE OF STARS) MAPS FROM FOREIGN COUNTRIES MARCO POLO’S WRITINGS 1543 GLOBE

God, Gold, and Glory EUROPEAN EXPANSION REASONS FOR WEALTH MORE Christianity SPREAD TERRITORY TRADE EXPAND THE WORLD EXPLORE God, Gold, and Glory

PORTUGUESE EXPLORATION THE PORTUGUESE HAD SAILED THE ROUTE AROUND AFRICA AND THEREFORE DOMINATED THE EASTERN ROUTE TO ASIA. Da Gama - Passage around Africa to India Dias - Passage around southern tip of Africa

AT THE TIME MAPS OF THE WORLD DID NOT INCLUDE THE AMERICAS. SPANISH EXPLORATION CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS, AN ITALIAN NAVIGATOR, CONVINCED THE KING AND QUEEN OF SPAIN TO FUND AN EXPEDITION TO FIND A WESTERN ROUTE TO THE RICHES OF ASIA. AT THE TIME MAPS OF THE WORLD DID NOT INCLUDE THE AMERICAS.

SPAIN LED THE EXPLORATION OF THE AMERICAS COLUMBUS LANDS IN THE BAHAMAS VESPUCCI EXPLORES CENTRAL AND SOUTH AMERICA BALBOA PACIFIC OCEAN de LEON DISCOVERS AND NAMES FLORIDA CORTEZ CONQUERS AZTEC MAGELLAN PHILIPPINES; CIRCUMNAVIGATES THE WORLD de VACA TEXAS PIZARRO CONQUERS INCA CORONADO NEW MEXICO AND ARIZONA De SOTO SOUTHEAST AND MISSISSIPPI RIVER CABRILLO CALIFORNIA COAST

TREATY OF TORDESILLAS IN 1493, POPE ALEXANDER VI GAVE SPAIN ALL LANDS DISCOVERED WEST OF THE 38˚W PARALLEL AND ALL LANDS DISCOVERED EAST OF IT TO PORTUGAL. THIS MADE PORTUGAL ANGRY AND A NEW LINE OF DEMARCATION WAS NEGOTIATED AT 46˚W, WHICH ALLOWED PORTUGAL TO GAIN LANDS IN SOUTH AMERICA.

SPAIN CONTROLLED MOST OF SOUTH AND CENTRAL AMERICA, MUCH OF THE CARIBBEAN, AND PARTS OF NORTH AMERICA. HOWEVER, TERRITORY THAT LARGE WAS DIFFICULT TO CONTROL, AND WAS OPEN TO ATTACK. OTHER EUROPEAN COUNTRIES HAD SEEN THE RICHES BROUGHT BACK BY SPAIN (Especially in Central and South America) AND WERE EAGER TO STAKE THEIR OWN CLAIM!

FRENCH EXPLORATION VERRAZZANO NEW YORK CARTIER SAINT LAWRENCE RIVER De CHAMPLAIN QUEBEC, CANADA

THE FRENCH ALTHOUGH THE FRENCH TRIED TO SETTLE IN FLORIDA, THEY WERE STOPPED BY THE SPANISH INITIALLY THE FRENCH FISHED IN THE ATLANTIC FOR COD AND SALMON, BUT FUR TRADING YIELDED BIGGER PROFITS THE FUR-TRADE BROUGHT FEW SETTLERS AT FIRST, BUT BY THE MID 1600s, THE FRENCH CONTROLLED THE INTERIOR OF NORTH AMERICA AND THE FUR- TRADE BECAME THEIR MOST PRODUCTIVE AND PROFITABLE RESOURCE

BRITISH EXPLORATION CABOT CANADA; NEW FOUNDLAND DRAKE SAILS AROUND THE WORLD RALEIGH ROANOKE, VA HUDSON HUDSON RIVER