Sustainability and CLTS: Taking Stock

What has to be sustained? ODF status of the whole communities maintained over time But definitions of ODF vary: Eradication of open defecation Hygienic latrines Use of sanitation Evidence of handwashing facilities  

Four major studies Plan International (2013): Ethiopia, Kenya, Sierra Leone and Uganda UNICEF CATS Evaluation (2014) WSP (2011) Indonesia WSP (2011) Bangladesh Together these studies point to the rarity and importance of moving up the sanitation ladder or starting above its lowest rung.

3 dimensions of sustainability

Frontiers for future action How and when to phase in sanitation marketing? Post ODF engagement of government, NGO, donors and others? How to ensure equity and inclusion? How to transform social norms? Monitoring, learning and changing