Structural and Non-Structural Approaches to Water Supply Instructors: David Rosenberg and Steve Burian Structural and Non-Structural Approaches to Water Supply

Learning Objectives List potential structural and non-structural measures at household, city, and national scales Outline an integrated approach to identify promising measures Determine and compare effectiveness of potential measures in Amman, Jordan Propose institutional arrangements to initiate and implement measures

Integrated Management and Modeling for Amman, Jordan

Jordan Water Overview 5+ mill. people 1,000 Mm3/yr consumption Israel / Palestine Amman Ma’an Aqaba Zarka Irbid 0 50 100 km 100 mm/yr 500 900 Jordan Water Overview 5+ mill. people 1,000 Mm3/yr consumption 850 Mm3/yr supplies Severe groundwater overdraft Red Sea SAUDI ARABIA EGYPT IRAN PAL.

Major projects 1. Amman 2. Unity Dam 6. Disi Aquifer 3. King Abdullah Canal 4. Zara Ma’een 5. Aqaba (Red-Dead)

Rate Structure and Water Use National Water Budget Rate Structure and Water Use 5 to 6 million people Growing at 2 to 3% per year 2.2 mill. in Amman Current Uses 75%, 20%, and 5% split by Agric., Munic., and Indust. Per capita municipal consumption of 100 l/pers/day Municipal water available for 12 to 60 hours/week Below: WAS model interface

23 potential city-level actions

Activity #1. What structural and non-structural actions should you consider for your semester project? Break into project teams Open the Google Sheet Make a copy of the Master sheet and enter answers for your group

Integrated approach Enumerate a wide range of actions Enhance supplies, manage demands Long- and short-term Characterize each potential action Financial and/or perceived cost Effective water quantity added or conserved Describe interdependencies Demand hardening Supply enhancement Mutual exclusivity Identify events and probabilities that the system must adapt to deliver water, and Suggest cost-minimizing action mix Probabilistic economic-engineering optimization

Activity #2. What long term actions should Amman, Jordan implement? Interpret the optimal and near-optimal results on the next slide Again break into project teams Open the Google Sheet Identify New Supply and Conservation actions the utility should: Definitely implement Implement at some level Never implement

Supply-conservation configurations within 15% of least cost solution for 2020

Supply curve for increasing water availability

City-scale results Modeling integrates multiple supply and conservation options with explicit uncertainties. Conservation plays growing role over time. Delayed need for mega-supply projects like pumping the Disi Aquifer. Red-Dead Canal not needed.

Potential National Actions Supplies Seawater desalination Wastewater reuse Source use Inter-district transfers Sector reallocations Infrastructure expansions Conservation Leak reduction Limit import of water- wasting appliances Targeted retrofits with water-efficient appliances Top: Alternatives to bananas? Middle: King Abdullah Canal Bottom: Zara-Ma’een pipes near the Dead Sea

Activity #3. Identify Action Linkages

Conclusions Planning often requires a mix of structural and non-structural approaches New supply and conservation Short- and long-term Consider local, utility, and regional scales Pay attention to who initiates and who implements Modeling can help identify the action mix (portfolio)

References Rosenberg, D. E. (2009). "Integrated Water Resources Management and Modeling at Multiple Spatial Scales in Jordan." Water Policy. 11(5), 615-628. doi:10.2166/wp.2009.064. http://www.iwaponline.com/wp/01105/wp011050615.htm. Rosenberg, D. E., and Lund, J. R. (2009). "Modeling integrated water utility decisions with recourse and uncertainties.“ Water Resources Management, 23(1), 85-115. http://www.springerlink.com/content/k7h71596u3065104/