MICE: First Beam Emittance Results w/Particle Detectors Pierrick Hanlet 11 June 2011 TIPP'11

Outline Motivation Procedure for cooling muons MICE description Status and early results Future 04/07/2018 Pierrick M. Hanlet

Outline Motivation Procedure for cooling muons MICE description Status and Early Results Future 04/07/2018 Pierrick M. Hanlet

Motivation The goal of MICE is: Design, build, commission and operate a realistic section of cooling channel Measure its performance in a variety of modes of operation and beam conditions Results to be used to optimize Neutrino Factory and Muon Collider designs. 04/07/2018 Pierrick M. Hanlet

Motivation: Neutrino Factory accelerate and store muons to produce neutrinos High energy are unique among future facilities. Golden channel: long baseline oscillations manifested by wrong sign muons: IDS-NF baseline design 04/07/2018 Pierrick M. Hanlet

Motivation Muon Collider “Fallen off” the curve m accelerator solution fundamental particles cleaner interactions tunable interaction energy mm = 205me such that less synchrotron radiation m lifetime in rest frame is 2.2 ms! Technological challenge, but not impossible!!! Livingston Plot 04/07/2018 Pierrick M. Hanlet

Motivation: Muon Accelerator International R&D efforts to meet the challenges High-power target: 4MW proof of principle MERIT (CERN) Fast muon cooling: MICE (RAL) Fast, large aperture accelerator (FFAG) EMMA (Daresbury) 04/07/2018 Pierrick M. Hanlet High-power target: 4MW good transmission MERIT (CERN)

Muon Ionization Cooling Experiment Motivation MICE is the MICE is a proof of principle experiment to demonstrate that we can “cool” a beam of muons. 04/07/2018 Pierrick M. Hanlet

Motivation Why cool muons? muons are created as tertiary particles created with large inherent emittance – beam spread in 6D phase space: x, y, z px, py, pz accelerators require particles in tight bunches must “cool” muons – reduce emittance of beam “smaller beam” reduces cost of accelerator “smaller beam” increases luminosity 04/07/2018 Pierrick M. Hanlet

Outline Motivation Procedure for cooling muons MICE description Status and Early Results Future 04/07/2018 Pierrick M. Hanlet

Procedure: Ionization Cooling Muons are created as tertiary particles, and so are created with large inherent emittance: “Cooling” muons refers to reducing the emittance of the muon beam. Due to short muon lifetime, the only viable option is ionization cooling. Must cool AND accelerate rapidly: Loose momentum in pT and pL Restore pL 04/07/2018 Pierrick M. Hanlet

Procedure: Ionization Cooling Strong focussing at absorber yields small b Low Z absorbers yields large X0 cooling heating Cooling is: 1) Energy loss in all dimensions via dE/dx 2) Replace longitudinal momentum with RF 04/07/2018 Pierrick M. Hanlet

Procedure: Cooling y vs x y vs x y vs x y vs x y' vs x' px vs py 04/07/2018 Pierrick M. Hanlet px vs py

MICE Procedure MICE will measure a 10% cooling effect with 1% accuracy => precision measurement create beam of muons identify muons and reject background measure muon emittance “cool” muons in low-Z absorber restore longitudinal momentum re-measure muon emittance identify muons to reject e's from m decay -with trackers -here with hodoscopes 04/07/2018 Pierrick M. Hanlet

Outline Motivation Procedure for cooling muons MICE description Status and Early Results Future 04/07/2018 Pierrick M. Hanlet

Rutherford Appleton Laboratory Description: The Lab United Kingdom Rutherford Appleton Laboratory 04/07/2018 Pierrick M. Hanlet

Description: Experiment Beamline – create beam of muons Particle ID – verify/tag muons (before/after) Trackers – measure emittance (before/after) Absorber (LH2 or LiH) – cooling RF – re-establish longitudinal momentum 04/07/2018 Pierrick M. Hanlet

Description: Who are MICE? 04/07/2018 Pierrick M. Hanlet

m Beam Creation Selecting a muon beam   ~90g acceleration!!! t d Q4 Q1 Dipole1 DK solenoid Q2 Q3 Dipole2 Q5 Q6 Q7 Q8 Q9   Selecting a muon beam d t ~90g acceleration!!! 04/07/2018 Pierrick M. Hanlet

Beam Preparation Muon beam preparation for MICE measurements 140 200 momentum (MeV/c) emittance (mm) 140 200 240 3 ptgt=321 psol=185 pdif=151 ptgt=390 psol=231 pdif=207 ptgt=453 psol=265 pdif=245 6 ptgt=328 psol=189 pdif=148 ptgt=409 psol=238 pdif=215 ptgt=472 psol=276 pdif=256 10 ptgt=338 psol=195 pdif=164 ptgt=429 psol=251 pdif=229 ptgt=486 psol=285 pdif=267 04/07/2018 Pierrick M. Hanlet

m Beam Selection Making a muon beam pp pm Dipoles select p Quadrupoles transport 9 initial settings (M0) 409 MeV/c 238 MeV/c m kinematic limits pp Combinations of D1 & D2: p1 ~ 2 x p2 used to enhance m purity p1 ~ p2 pion/electron beam calibrations  peak  forward peak  backward peak pm 04/07/2018 Pierrick M. Hanlet

Beam Selection p m transmission p1 ~ p2: beamline optimized for calibration studies Forward m e p m m e Backward m p1 ~ 2p2: beamline optimized for p m transmission 04/07/2018 Pierrick M. Hanlet

MICE PID: Detectors Downstream PID: reject decay electrons Upstream PID: discriminate p, ,  Beam profile monitors Time of Flight – ToF0 & ToF1 Threshold Cerenkov Downstream PID: reject decay electrons Time of Flight - ToF2 Kloe-light Calorimeter - KL Electron-Muon Ranger - EMR 04/07/2018 Pierrick M. Hanlet

Outline Motivation Procedure for cooling muons MICE description Status and Early Results Future 04/07/2018 Pierrick M. Hanlet

Step I Goals Calibrate beam line detectors Understand the beam Luminosity Monitor, Beam Profile Monitors\TOF0, TOF1, TOF2, CKOVs, KL Understand the beam Composition Rates Momentum scale First phase-space reconstruction Take data for each point in (e-p) matrix MICE beam designed to be tunable Study each configuration's beam parameters Compare data to beam line model Prepare for Steps with cooling 04/07/2018 Pierrick M. Hanlet

MICE Progress Step I complete: Record amount of data taken summer 2010 Over 335,000 dips of target into ISIS Over 13,000,000 particle triggers Beamline studies: Emittance-momentum matrix scan – (in 1k events) dedicated negative beam positive beam Daily Reference run and Target test run Hardware fully functional and stable quad scans dipole scans tuning DS scan neutrals proton 140 200 240 3 39 80 58 171 57 237 6 98 207 112 527 85 198 10 95 183 78 89 174 04/07/2018 Pierrick M. Hanlet

MICE PID: ToF ToF – “Time of Flight” scintillator hodoscope x-y point determination (single particle) fast PMTs for high timing resolution used also characterization of BL Used for particle identification Used to determine phase space parameters 04/07/2018 Pierrick M. Hanlet

MICE PID: ToF Monitor horizontal bars – y position vertical bars – x position 2 PMTs per ToF bar each PMT read out with TDC – time Flash ADC – pulse height coincident PMTS – green bar coincident bars – space point 04/07/2018 Pierrick M. Hanlet

MICE PID: ToF Monitor Measuring the effective speed of light in the scintillator, the position measurements are improved (including corrections): ToF0 ToF1 04/07/2018 Pierrick M. Hanlet

MICE: Step I Analyses Particle Rate vs. Losses in ISIS Study m rate – want hundreds/spill Beam Composition First emittance measurement in MICE Target operation studies Depth, delay, acceleration Proton absorber Eliminate protons in m+ beam Data quality Daily reference runs to verify stability 04/07/2018 Pierrick M. Hanlet

Emittance Measurement Making an emittance measurement with particle detectors requires the track parameters: x, x', y, y' Where: x'=px/pz & y'=py/pz Use these to form the covariance matrix. Use the covariance matrix to compute normalized emittance 04/07/2018 Pierrick M. Hanlet

Emittance Measurement (x0,y0) (x1,y1) TOF0 TOF1 Q7 Q8 Q9 For each particle: know time-of-flight and position (x,y) at each detector – select good muons Momentum-dependent transfer matrices map particle motion from ToF0 to ToF1 through drifts and quad triplet G4MICE (MICE MC) used to simulate beam, determine energy loss along path, and estimate detector effects Estimate initial path length and momentum using transfer map: Iterate to improve calculation of path length and momentum Calculate initial and final momentum at ToF0 and ToF1 Determine phase space at ToF planes, x,y, px, py 04/07/2018 Pierrick M. Hanlet

Emittance Measurement Good muon selected & particle positions measured Use product of transfer matrices M(pz) through the drifts and quadrupole magnets to map trace space (x,x') from ToF0 to ToF1 (with det M ≡ 1). The angles are deduced from the positions 04/07/2018 Pierrick M. Hanlet

Emittance Measurement Initial path length assumed to be straight line Iterate to remove bias in path length Momentum calculated given path length and time-of-flight from TOFs Particles tracked using thick edge quadrupole model Compared to MC using G4MICE to simulate beam Calculate x', y' Calculate emittance 04/07/2018 Pierrick M. Hanlet

Emittance Measurement Good muon selected X Muon positions measured X Momentum reconstructed X x'0 and x'1 determined X Calculate emittance G4MICE used to simulate ToF0 to ToF1 beam line For baseline (6-200) - beam Promising preliminary agreement observed between data (blue) and MC (red) at ToF1 for momentum and x,y,x',y' pz x y x' y' 04/07/2018 Pierrick M. Hanlet

Emittance Measurement Reconstructed transverse phase space of the baseline MICE beam (6-200) at ToF1 y(mm) vs x(mm) x'(mrad) vs x(mm) y'(mrad) vs y(mm) Data MC 04/07/2018 Pierrick M. Hanlet

Outline Motivation Procedure for cooling muons MICE description Status and Early Results Future 04/07/2018 Pierrick M. Hanlet

Fill up this hall MICE Next Steps Now that Step I is complete: 04/07/2018 Pierrick M. Hanlet

MICE Next Steps Tracking Absorbers RF 04/07/2018 Pierrick M. Hanlet

MICE Cooling Channel m trackers AFC RFCC 04/07/2018 Pierrick M. Hanlet

MICE Schedule Staged: Systematics Funding Step IV: Q2 2012 04/07/2018 Pierrick M. Hanlet

PID detectors in place and being calibrated Step I is complete! Conclusions Muons observed in MICE! PID detectors in place and being calibrated Step I is complete! Data are being analyzed 1rst beam emittance measurement 04/07/2018 Pierrick M. Hanlet

Backup slides 04/07/2018 Pierrick M. Hanlet

MICE Tracking Two trackers – before/after Measures x, y, x', y' 5 stations/tracker 3 stereo planes/station – U/V/W 1400 350mm fibers/plane double layer, 7 fibers/group <0.2% dead channels >10.5 photoelectrons/MIP 430mm RMS position resolution 04/07/2018 Pierrick M. Hanlet

4 T superconducting solenoids 20 cm warm bore 2 m long MICE Tracking 4 T superconducting solenoids 20 cm warm bore 2 m long 5 coils: 1 main tracker coil 2 end coils 2 matching coils 04/07/2018 Pierrick M. Hanlet