Chapter 14 War of Brothers War in the East War in the West On the Home Front Road to Appomattox

Causes Union vs. Independence Do the states have a right to secede? States’ rights view Article VI

Causes Economics North: Industry & manufacturing South: Agriculture Views on tariffs

Causes Slavery Integral part of southern culture Many in the North opposed it

Causes Patriotism Soldiers on both sides had reasons for going to war

Comparisons Resources North had huge advantages Population Manufacturing Agriculture

Comparisons Leaders South had the advantage, especially in the early years

Comparisons Strategy North had to invade General Scott proposed the Anaconda Plan

Comparisons Strategy South had a defensive strategy

In the East Attempt to capture Richmond Most initially believed a quick, decisive battle would end the war

In the East First Manassas Festive event Union: McDowell Confederate: Beauregard

In the East First Manassas “Stonewall” Jackson Union retreat McDowell replaced

In the East Peninsular Campaign Union: McClellan Army of the Potomac

In the East Peninsular Campaign Ironclad ships C.S.S. Virginia U.S.S. Monitor Fought to a draw

In the East Peninsular Campaign Valley Campaign Stonewall Jackson Army of Northern Virginia

In the East Peninsular Campaign Johnston wounded Lee put in command Seven Days’ Battles McClellan retreats

In the East Second Manassas Union: Pope Confederate: Stuart, Jackson, Lee Union forces leave VA

In the East Antietam Lee’s plans become known to Union Union: McClellan Near Sharpsburg, MD

In the East Antietam Union forces attack Bloodiest single day of the Civil War Confederates withdraw

In the East Fredericksburg Union: Burnside Assaulted Confederates but forced to withdraw

In the East Chancellorsville Union: Hooker Confederates surprise Union army Jackson killed

In the East Chancellorsville Union retreats

In the East Frustration for Union Unable to capture Richmond Raised morale of South and lowered it in North

In the East Continued Southern victories increased chances of recognition and aid from Europe

Gettysburg Lee desires a victory on Northern soil Armies find each other at Gettysburg

Gettysburg Pickett’s Charge Lee’s army retreats to Virginia Lincoln later delivers the Gettysburg Address

In the West Mississippi River campaign Kentucky-Tennessee campaign North’s best commanders fought in the West

In the West Mississippi River campaign Capture of the river would split the Confederacy in two Major fortifications

In the West Union gunboats a powerful force Ulysses S. Grant captured Forts Henry and Donelson

In the West Shiloh Union: Grant Confederate: Johnston Costly Union victory Island No. 10

In the West Farragut captured New Orleans Grant moves to Vicksburg Natural fortress

In the West Grant makes some unconventional decisions Vicksburg besieged Surrenders on July 4 Union now controls Mississippi

In the West Kentucky-Tennessee campaign Kentucky a very divided state Confederates had an early advantage

In the West Battle of Mill Springs Union: George Thomas

In the West Perryville Confederate: Bragg Union: Buell Invasion of Kentucky Bragg forced to retreat

In the West Battle of Stones River Union: Rosecrans Confederate: Bragg Bragg again forced to retreat

In the West Chickamauga Rosecrans and Bragg Confederate victory Role of George Thomas Union army now trapped in Chattanooga

In the West Chattanooga Thomas replaced Rosecrans Grant became chief of all Union forces in West Broke the siege

In the West Lookout Mountain Battle of Missionary Ridge Bragg’s troops retreated into Georgia Grant promoted to chief of all Union forces

Home Front Life was much more difficult in the South during the war Lack of gold and silver Blockade runners

Home Front Some in the North prospered because of the war

Government Conscription Resistance New York draft riot Black soldiers

Government Border states Missouri Delaware Kentucky Maryland West Virginia

Government Constitution Writs of habeas corpus Copperheads

Diplomacy South hoped Britain or another European power would recognize her independence The Trent affair

Diplomacy Britain would only recognize the Confederacy if it thought the South could actually win

Diplomacy Emancipation Proclamation War-time emergency act

Wilderness Grant moved toward Richmond The Wilderness Spotsylvania Court House North Anna River Cold Harbor

Georgia William Tecumseh Sherman Atlanta campaign Kennesaw Mountain Battle of Atlanta

Georgia March to the Sea Battle of Nashville Did not interrupt Sherman’s march to Savannah

1864 Lincoln ran for another term Democrat: George McClellan Lincoln won by wide margin

Collapse Grant had almost surrounded Richmond and Petersburg Sheridan was destroying the Shenandoah Valley

Collapse Lee, Davis, and others escaped Richmond Lee’s army could not get away

Appomattox Lee surrenders to Grant April 9, 1865 Generous surrender terms

Afterward More than 650,000 men had died Thousands more were maimed for life

Afterward John Wilkes Booth shot Lincoln on April 14, 1865