Cells Structure & Function

Recap… Who coined the term “cell”? Robert Hooke What invention allowed cells to be seen? Compound Microscope Who is the Father of Microbiology? Anton Von Leeuwenhoek

The Cell Theory The cell is the basic unit of structure & function of all living things Building Blocks of living things All living things (organisms) are made of cells All cells come from pre-existing cells – (life from life) So, this disproved Spontaneous Generation 3

Cells Smallest living unit Most are microscopic But not all! 4 4

Prokaryotic Cells Believed first cell on earth No membrane bound nucleus or organelles Always Unicellular! Bacteria 5 5

Eukaryotic Cells Nucleus bound by membrane Include fungi, protists, plant and animal cells Have many membrane bound organelles Can be unicellular or multicellular 6 6

Two Main Types of Eukaryotic Cells Plant Cell Animal Cell 7

Plant & Animal Cells ANIMAL CELL PLANT CELL

The Cell is the Basic Unit of Life Unicellular organisms are made of one cell only Multicellular organisms are made of many cells The cells of Multicellular organisms are specialized to perform different functions 9

Different Plant Cells Onion Epidermal Cells Guard Cells root hair Root Hair Cell root hair Guard Cells 10

Different Animal Cells white blood cell red blood cell cheek cells sperm nerve cell muscle cell Amoeba Paramecium 11

A Few Different Human Body Cell Types…

Eukaryotic Cells Have… Organelles! Specialized structures in a cell which have specific jobs… The ones you NEED to know: Cell Membrane Cytoplasm Nucleus Mitochondria Ribosome

A Cell Membrane AND Cytoplasm! ALL CELLS HAVE… A Cell Membrane AND Cytoplasm!

Cell Membrane CARBOHYDRATE CHAIN PHOSPHOLIPID BI-LAYER PROTEIN CHANNEL Cytoplasm Inside Cell PROTEIN CHANNEL Phospholipid Head: Pink Lipid “Legs”: Blue Proteins: Green Carbohydrate Chains: Red

Cell Membrane

Cytoplasm The “Jelly-Like” Goo Inside of the Cell. Animal Plant The “Jelly-Like” Goo Inside of the Cell. Contains Nutrients and is Always Moving! Supports and Protects Organelles.

ALL Living Things Have DNA Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) Made of repeating Nucleotides (A-T, C-G) We’ll learn about that later! A=Blue T=Yellow C=Green G=Orange C A G C A G T T C G T C G A

Most Cells (Not All) Have… Nucleus Mitochondria Ribosomes

Nucleus Nucleolus Nucleus Nuclear Membrane The “Brain” of the Cell

Mitochondria Mighty Mito Makes ENERGY… Mighty Mito Makes ATP! Outside Membrane= Blue Inside=Purple

Ribosomes Make Protein Can be attached to another organelle (Endoplasmic Reticulum) Usually found loose, floating in the Cytoplasm Think Ribs on the BBQ! Ribs are Protein! Rib-o-some! Ribosomes=Brown

Animal Cells Also Have…

Small Vacuoles (Vesicles) Small “compartments” used by the animal cell for several different reasons

Lysosomes “Lys” means destroy Lysosomes are a type of vacuole which destroys waste products

Centrioles Aid with Cell Division (Spider-man of the Animal Cells)

Plant Cells Also Have…

Large Central Vacuole (or two) Storage area for water

Chloroplasts Where Photosynthesis happens - Membrane=Green Thylakoid Thylakoid=Yellow Membrane

Cell Wall Non-living Cellulose Protects the Cell Cell Wall Cell Membrane Mitochondria Central Vacuole Cytoplasm Chloroplast Cell Wall: Brown Chloroplast: Green Mitochondria: Purple Central Vacuole: Blue Cytoplasm: Pink