A TECHNICAL BRIEFING FOR AMATEUR RADIO OPERATORS “How to See Radio Frequency (RF) Waves: the Carbon Magic” PRESENTED TO: ARASWF NAPLES, FL 34119 FEBRUARY 2017 PRESENTED BY: DR. AL TORRES KP4AQI EMAIL: atorres4850@yahoo.com

January 2017: “Vertical Collinear Antennas: Better than a Dipole?” For Year 2017 January 2017: “Vertical Collinear Antennas: Better than a Dipole?” February 2017: “How to See Radio Frequency (RF) Waves: the Carbon Magic” March 2017: “ Classical Modulations: The New Zero Bandwidth Concept ”

PRESENTATION OUTLINE Introduction Carbon Principle Patent Torres Carbon Concept Antenna Radiation Regions Kapton Carbon Loaded Screen Initial Testing Raw Image from the Thermo-Imager Measured Data APG-63 Radar Antenna Liquid Crystal to Replace IR Thermo-imager Making the RF Viewer Summary

INTRODUCTION The concept for “seeing” RF waves is based on a patented principle which uses “carbon” as the radiating agent The concept is based in observing the radiation from the Near-Field and transforming such radiation to the Far-Field This transformation is done by the use of a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) in a two dimensional plane The Far-Field radiation distributions are identical to the distributions performed in the Far-Field pattern inside an anechoic chamber

CARBON PRINCIPLE, PATENT

TORRES CARBON CONCEPT

ANTENNA RADIATING REGIONS Reactive Near Field : the region immediately surrounding the antenna where the reactive field (stored energy-standing waves) is dominant [ 0.62(D3/)0.5] Near-Field (Fresnel Region): the region between the reactive near field and the far field where the radiation field (propagating waves) is dominant and the field distribution is dependent on the distance from the antenna (2D2/) Far-Field (Fraunhofer Region): the region farthest away from the antenna where the field distribution is essentially independent of the distance from the antenna (propagating waves)(> 2D2/)

ANTENNAS RADIATING REGIONS

KAPTON CARBON LOADED SCREEN The screen for viewing the RF waves is made from Dupont Carbon Loaded Kapton The material comes in various “resistivity” levels; the higher the resistance, the less absorption. The lower the resistance, the more RF waves absorption The carbon embedded in the Kapton has no place to radiate the RF energy absorbed, so it gets “hot” Once it is hot, a profile of the antenna spatial radiation can be observed by an IR Thermoimager or a Liquid Crystal material of the right temperature profile

DUPONT KAPTON 200 OHMS

CARBON LOADED KAPTON IN A FRAME

INITIAL TESTING OF THE CARBON SCREEN WITH SGH HORN ANTENNA AND IR THERMO-IMAGER IR Camera Back of IR Screen Antenna Under Test (AUT)

RAW IMAGE FROM IR THERMO-IMAGER

11 GHz Measurement Comparison MEASURED DATA 11 GHz Measurement Comparison

APG-63 RADAR ANTENNA (TOP)

IR IMAGE OF THE APG-63 RADAR ANTENNA

IR MEASURED PATTERN COMPARED TO RF CHAMBER MEASURED PATTERN (IR DOTTED LINE)

LIQUID CRYSTAL TO REPLACE IR THERMO-IMAGER

MAKING THE RF VIEWER Buy some Carbon Loaded Kapton from Dupont Buy a Liquid Crystal Sheet (20-25 C) Use some spray adhesive to bond the Kapton to the Liquid Crystal (Elmers Spray Adhesive) You can now use it to test small antennas e.g. rubber ducks, RF Coils, WIFI Monopoles, and others

Now you can see RF SUMMARY We have defined how you can see RF Waves The RF Waves impact a Carbon Loaded Kapton screen which becomes the viewing energy source The Carbon follows the principle of conservation of energy; it cannot dissipate the RF energy so it gets hot The IR Thermo-imager views the hot areas spatially; they can also be viewed with less dynamic range by using a Liquid Crystal Sheet Making a viewer is relatively simple with the use of Carbon Loaded Kapton and a Liquid Crystal Sheet Now you can see RF

MORE INFORMATION or COPY OF PRESENTATION SEND AN EMAIL TO THE FOLLOWING URL: atorres4850@yahoo.com CONTACT ME AT: AL TORRES KP4AQI P. O. BOX 24283 DAYTON, OH 45424-0283