INTERPLANETARY INTERNET BY SUYAMINDRA SIMHA. V VIII SEM

CONTENTS Introduction Some Fast Facts Objectives Challenges IPN CONTENTS Introduction Some Fast Facts Objectives Challenges Architecture of IPN Working of Terrestrial Internet Working of IPN Terrestrial v/s Celestial Communication Bundling Protocol Applications Conclusion SLNCE

Introduction IPN is a conceived computer network in space, consisting of a set of network nodes which can communicate with each other. IPN is a technical name for ”anywhere and everywhere internet”. It is next to IPv6,IPTV,voice over IP, mobile IP and IP next generation(IPng). It aims to provide Internet-like services over the entire solar system.

Some Fast Facts Time taken by light Earth – Jupiter : 32.7 min IPN Some Fast Facts Time taken by light Earth – Jupiter : 32.7 min Earth – Saturn : 76.7 min Earth – Pluto : 5.5 hours Earth – Voyager1 : 13 hours Earth – Voyager2 : 10.4 hours. SLNCE

Objectives Time-Insensitive Scientific data delivery Time-Sensitive scientific data delivery Mission Status Telemetry Command and Control

Challenges Extremely long propagation delay Asymmetrical forward and reverse Link capacities High link error rates for radio-frequency (RF) communication channels Intermittent link connectivity Lack of fixed communication infrastructure

Challenges(contd..) Effects of planetary distances on the signal strength and the protocol design Power, mass, size, and cost constraints for communication hardware and protocol design Backward compatibility requirement due to high cost involved in deployment and launching processes.

ARCHITECTURE OF IPN

Architecture of IPN

Architecture InterPlanetary Backbone Network Communication among Earth, outer-space planets, moons, satellites, relay stations, etc. InterPlanetary External Network Space crafts flying in groups in deep space between planets, clusters of sensor nodes, and groups of space stations.

Architecture(contd..) Planetary Network Planetary Satellite Network Satellites circling the planets provides relay services, communication & navigation services to surface elements. Includes links between orbiting satellites & links between satellite and surface elements. Planetary Surface Network Links between high power surface elements (rovers, landers, etc). Surface elements that cannot directly talk to satellites, organized in an ad hoc manner.

WORKING OF TERRESTRIAL INTERNET

What is Internet? The largest network of networks in the world. Uses TCP/IP protocols and packet switching . Runs on any communications substrate. From Dr. Vinton Cerf, Co-Creator of TCP/IP

Working of Internet Network IP Transport TCP Network IP Transport TCP App Network IP Transport TCP Network IP Transport TCP Network IP Network IP Phys 1 Link 1 Link 1 Phys 1 Phys 2 Link 2 Phys 2 Link 2 Phys 3 Link 3 Phys 3 Link 3 Subnet 1 Subnet 2 Subnet 3

WORKING OF IPN

Working of IPN IPN is considered to consist of a “network of Internets ” with a specialized deep space backbone network of long-haul wireless links interconnecting these local Internets. In IPN, packets need to be transferred from end to end through disconnected multiple regions that tolerate variable delay. A protocol of IPN will take care of these requirements by the concept of “bundling protocol suite.”

Working of IPN(contd..) The delay tolerant IPN network will provide an always-on connection between planets, spacecrafts and the terrestrial Internet. The store-and-forward technique of IPN will help to minimize problems that crop up due to the vast distances involved, such as high error rates and latency periods that are minutes or even hours long.

Working of IPN Bundle Bundle Bundle Transport a Transport a App Internet a Internet b Bundle Bundle Bundle Phys 1 Transport a Network a Link 1 Phys 2 Link 2 Network a Transport a Phys 3 Link 3 Network b Transport b Phys 3 Link 3 Network b Transport b Link 1 Phys 1 Phys 2 Link 2 Network a Network of internets spanning dissimilar environments

Terrestrial v/s Celestial Communication parameters Wired terrestrial Mobile ad hoc NET/MANET/ Wireless IPN/Celestial/ Power availability Not critical Important Very crucial SNR Within acceptable range Low Very low Error rate Medium High Infrastructure Defined/fixed Deployable

Terrestrial v/s Celestial Communication(contd..) parameters Wired terrestrial Mobile ad hoc NET/MANET/ Wireless IPN/Celestial/ Medium Copper/fiber RF/IR Primarily free space, RF Delay in seconds <1 10 to 10000 seconds Deployment cost Low Very high Operational cost

Bundling Protocol The IPN architecture will be based on an overlay protocol called “bundling” that handles the complex environment of celestial communication. It puts together a set of heterogeneous internets. Bundles are arbitrarily long messages designed for end-to-end delivery between IPN nodes over distinct or identical transport layers.

Bundling Protocol(contd..) Bundles may be fragmented and reassembled at the destination. These will be routed by a routing function through a concatenated series of Internets, like terrestrial internet protocol. To achieve guaranteed end-to-end delivery, bundles may be retransmitted as in ARQ protocol in TCP model of terrestrial Internet.

Functions of Bundling Protocol It operates in the message switching mode. It operates in the custodial mode. Tackle high error rate of the celestial link, hop-by-hop store-and-forward bundling with per-hop error control mechanism is used. Identification of the sender and the receiver in the IPN using an addressing scheme having names in two parts.

Benefits “Non-chatty” message-oriented communications  Essential in long delay environments.   Store-and-forward between nodes  Essential when no contemporaneous end-to-end path exists. Highly desirable to free resources at less-advantaged “leaf nodes”. Routing algorithms cognizant of scheduled connectivity  Essential to accommodate scheduled connectivity.  Highly desirable to be able to adaptively exploit alternate routes.

Benefits(contd..) Use transport and network technologies appropriate to the environment  Essential to support combination of IP and non-IP networks. Essential to be able to support incremental deployment of new technologies.  

Applications Time-Insensitive Scientific Data Delivery:   Time-Insensitive Scientific Data Delivery: -Large volume of scientific data to be collected from planets and moons. Time-Sensitive Scientific Data Delivery: -Audio and visual information about the local environment to Earth, in-situ controlling robots, or eventually in-situ astronauts. Mission Status Telemetry: - Delivery of the status and the health report of the mission, spacecraft, or the landed vehicles to the mission center or other nodes. Command and Control: -Closed-loop command and control of the in-situ mission elements.

Conclusion With the increasing pace of space exploration, Earth will distribute large numbers of robotic vehicles, landers, and possibly even humans, to asteroids and other planets in the coming decades. Possible future missions include lander/rover/orbiter sets, sample return missions, aircraft communicating with orbiters, and outposts of humans or computers remotely operating rovers.