Types of Compounds Ch. 5

Al2S3 SF6 Types of Compounds Ionic; Aluminum sulfide What type are these? How do you read them? Molecular Formula Al2S3 Formula Unit SF6 Chemical’s exact composition Smallest whole number ratios Ionic; Aluminum sulfide Covalent; Sulfur hexafluoride

What’s in a name? Common names vs. Scientific names Common Scientific Aspirin Acetylsalicylic acid Chalk Calcium carbonate Table salt Sodium chloride Vitamin C Ascrobic acid Laughing gas Dinitrogen monooxide Glass Sodium silicate

Naming Compounds Ionic: -1st is normal -1st is normal Binary compounds- made of two different elements Rules for naming: Cross oxidation numbers (ion charges) Write formula so compound as “0” net charge Follow name rules if ionic or covalent Covalent: -1st is normal -2nd ends in “ide” -Add prefix to show numbers Ionic: -1st is normal -2nd ends in “ide”

Naming Compounds Ternary Compounds- contains 3 different elements Metal or nonmetal bond to polyatomic ion An ion made of 2 or more elements, but treated as one unit Polyatomic ions have specific charges and names Rules for naming Ionic Ternary Compounds: Cross oxidation numbers (ion charges) Write formula so compound as “0” net charge Do NOT change polyatomic ion names; use as they are

“ate” is always greater # O’s “ite” is always lesser # O’s Sr(NO3)2= Strontium Nitrate Sr(NO2)2 = Strontium Nitrite “ite” is always lesser # O’s Potassium Phosphate = K3PO4 Ammonium Sulfite = (NH4)2SO3

Ternary Covalent Compounds 3 non-metals bounded together Acids made of polyatomic ions H+ + X  HX Rules for naming: Take polyatomic name and change ending to “ic” or “ous” “ic” is ending for polyatomic ion with greater # of O’s “ous” is ending for polyatomic ion with fewer # of O’s Add “acid”

“ous” is always lesser # O’s “ic” is always greater # O’s H2SO3 = Sulfurous acid H2SO4 = Sulfuric acid “ic” is always greater # O’s Nitric acid = HNO3 Carbonic acid = H2CO3

Transition Metal Ions Transition metals are capable of making ions with multiple oxidation numbers Ions have two names: Stock name: Iron (II) ion = Fe+2 Iron (III) ion = Fe+3 Classical name: Ferrous = Fe+2 Ferric = Fe+3 Lower charged ion ends with “ous” Higher charged ion ends with “ic”

Special Compounds Allotropes Molecules that an element that differ in crystalline or molecular structure O2 vs. O3 Many forms of carbon graphite, diamonds, coal, etc…

CaCl2 ∙ 2H2O = Special Compounds Hydrates Rules for naming: compound with H2O inside its structure Rules for naming: Compound ∙ H2O Compound name + (prefix)hydrate CuSO4 ∙ 5H2O = Cupper (II) sulfate pentahydrate CaCl2 ∙ 2H2O = Calcium chloride dihydrate

Special Compounds Anhydrous Desiccant Deliquescence A hydrate that has its water removed Desiccant Compounds that remove water from the air forming hydrates Shipped with electronics to protect them Deliquescence Absorbing so much water vapor a liquid forms