COSC 3330/6308 First Review Session Fall 2012

First Question Simplify the following Boolean expression. w (v x y + y) +w' y + v w x + y

Answer w (v x y + y) +w' y + v w x + y = v w x y + w y + w' y + v w x + y

Answer v'w' v'w vw vw' x'y' x'y xy xy' v w x y + w y + w' y + v w x + y

Answer v'w' v'w vw vw' x'y' x'y 1 xy xy' x'y 1 xy xy' v w x y + w y + w' y + v w x + y

Answer v'w' v'w vw vw' x'y' x'y 1 xy xy' x'y 1 xy xy' v w x y + w y + w' y + v w x + y

Answer By Karnaugh maps: v w x + y By algebra: w (v x y + y) +w' y + v w x + y = v w x y + w y + w' y + v w x + y = y (v w x + w + w' + 1) + v w x = y + v w x

Second Question Give a simplified implementation for the following expression using only NAND gates. w' (x  y) + w x y' + x' y'

Answer w' (x  y) + w x y' + x' y' = w' (x' y + x y') + w x y' + x' y' = w' x' y + w' x y' + w x y' + x' y'

Answer x'y' x'y xy xy' w' 1 w w' x' y + w x y' + w' x y' + x' y' w

Answer Using algebra: w' (x  y) + w x y' + x' y' = w' (x' y + x y') + w x y' + x' y' = w' x' y + w' x y' + w x y' + x' y' = w' x' y + x y' (w' + w) + x' y' = w' x' y + x y' + x' y' = w' x' y + y' = w' x' y + w' x' y' + y' = w' x'( y + y') + y' = w'x' + y'

Reminder A NAND B = (A B)' = A' + B' (NOT A) NAND(NOT B) ( A' B')' = A+ B NOT(A NAND B) = (A B)'' = A B (A NAND B) NAND (C NAND D) = ((AB)' (CD)')' = AB + CD

Answer w' x' y (w'x')' = w + x ((w + x)y)' = w'x' + y'

Third Question (I) What is the main reason for using a base plus displacement representation of memory addresses in an instructions set?

Answer What is the main reason for using a base plus displacement representation of memory addresses in an instructions set? To be able to access a very large address space with as few bits as possible in order to keep instructions as short as possible MIPS IS uses 5 bits to specify which register and 16 bits for the displacement

Third Question (II) What is the main reason for requiring all instructions to have the same length? To allow the CPU to fetch the next instruction before the current instruction is decoded Would not work if we had 16-bit and 32-bit instructions

Fourth Question Assume we have a very basic microprocessor doing 4-bit arithmetic. How would you represent the decimal value – 8 in signed arithmetic?

Answer How would you represent the decimal value – 8 in signed arithmetic? 1000

Fourth question (II) What would be its result of adding 0100 to 0101 assuming that the numbers being added were Unsigned integers? Signed integers?

Answer What would be its result of adding 0100 to 0101 assuming that the numbers being added were Unsigned integers? Signed integers? 0100 + 0101 = 1001 1001 represents 9 in unsigned arithmetic 1001 represents -7 in signed arithmetic

Explanation We use two complement's arithmetic To change the sign of a positive value Negate all its bits then add 1 For 1001 we do not(1001) + 1 = 0110 + 1 = 0111 = 7

Fifth question Implement a two-bit counter going to the cycle 00, 01, 10, 11, 00, … when its input is on. You may use the flip-flops and the gates of your choice.

Answer Implement a two-bit counter going to the cycle 00, 01, 10, 11, 00, … when its input is on. You may use the flip-flops and the gates of your choice. How many flip-flops do we need?

Answer Implement a two-bit counter going to the cycle 00, 01, 10, 11, 00, … when its input is on. You may use the flip-flops and the gates of your choice. How many flip-flops do we need? Two because we have 22 =4 states

Answer Implement a two-bit counter going to the cycle 00, 01, 10, 11, 00, … when its input is on. You may use the flip-flops and the gates of your choice. How many flip-flops do we need? Two because we have 22 =4 states

Answer Draw the Karnaugh maps for these flip-flops: Least significant bit y x'y' x'y xy xy' i i'

Answer Draw the Karnaugh maps for these flip-flops: Least significant bit y x'y' x'y xy xy' i' 1 i

Answer Draw the Karnaugh maps for these flip-flops: Most significant bit x x'y' x'y xy xy' i' i

Answer Draw the Karnaugh maps for these flip-flops: Most significant bit x x'y' x'y xy xy' i' 1 i

Answer The system equations are y = y  i x = x  iy = x(i' + y') + x' iy

Answer We will use T flip-flops for x and y y will be triggered by input i x will be triggered by input iy

Answer

Sixth Question (I) Which decimal values are stored in the following single precision floating point numbers? 1 129 010000000000000000000000000… 124 10000000000000000000000000…

Sixth Question (II) 1 129 0100000000000000000000000000… Sign is negative Exponent is 129 -127 = 2 Coefficient is 1.01two = 1 + ¼ - (1 + ¼) 22 = -5

Sixth Question (III) 124 10000000000000000000000000… Sign is positive 124 10000000000000000000000000… Sign is positive Exponent is 124 – 127 = -3 Coefficient is 1.1two = 1+ ½ = 1.5 1.5 2-3 =1.5/8 = 3/16

Seventh Question Multiply the two following floating-point numbers: 1 129ten 000000000000000000000 …

Answer Multiply the two following floating-point numbers: Compute the new sign Add the exponents Multiply the coefficients 1 129ten 000000000000000000000 …

Answer Multiply the two following floating-point numbers: Compute the new sign: Negative Add exponents: (129 – 127) + (129- 127) Multiply the coefficients: 11 1 129ten 000000000000000000000 …

Answer Result is -1 24 Sign bit is 1 Biased exponent is 127 + 4 =131 Coefficient is 1 1 131ten 0000000000000000000000…