Primary Producers Algae – microscopic plankton (and benthic)

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Presentation transcript:

Primary Producers Algae – microscopic plankton (and benthic) Cyanobacteria or “blue green algae” Macro-algae - seaweeds and kelps Plus: sea grasses, marsh grasses, mangroves coral reefs (by zooxanthellae,really a symbiont)

Dinoflagellate

Dinoflagellate

Dinoflagellate

Dinoflagellate

Bioluminescent Dinoflagellates

Diatom

Diatom

Diatom Varieties

Diatom Chains

Diatom Chains

Diatom Reproduction

Coccolithophore: a type of Nannoplankton

Cyanobacteria (Blue-Green Algae): Ultraplankton

Macroalgae: seaweed

Macroalgae: seaweed

Macroalgae: kelp

Macroalgae: kelp

Macroalgae: kelp forest

Primary Production in the Ocean Solar radiation Nutrient concentration Upwelling and mixing Grazing Water turbidity

Variation in Productivity Only the top-most 100 m or less…of a 4,000-m deep ocean can support photosynthesis! Light, physics and chemistry control Regional and seasonal patterns

This productivity is not always positive, Dinoflagellate Blooms (Red Tide) Rapid cell division and high abundance Millions to tens of millions of cells per liter Diatoms and dinoflagellates Red and brown tides Can discolor the water

Can be toxic Can lead to hypoxia, anoxia Can lead to fish kills Often symptom of high nutrients or “eutrophication”

Sea Grass in Salt Marsh (vascular plants)

Sea Grass (Salt Grass) (vascular plants)

Coral Polyp: symbiotic relationship with microalgae (zooxanthellae)

Distribution of Coral Reefs

Variation of plankton types with distance offshore

Phytoplankton Primary Productivity

Zooplankton Biomass

Flux of organic matter to deep-sea bottom.

Benthic Biomass

You should know… Plankton groups Photosynthesis and respiration Regional and seasonal patterns of productivity How these are controlled by ocean physics and chemistry Which parts of the ocean are biologically productive, and which are not