The emerging role of molecular markers in coccidian speciation:

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Presentation transcript:

The emerging role of molecular markers in coccidian speciation: Katarzyna B. Miska, Dagmara Motriuk-Smith, R. Scott Seville June 29, 2008

Why is use of molecular tools important: Eimeria are be morphologically very similar. -Can lead to erroneous classification -Usually needs “an expert eye” to be carried out correctly Analysis of DNA sequences is fast, relatively inexpensive, can provide information discerning differences among closely related species or strains of the same species. Selecting the correct gene to answer these questions is KEY.

Use of 18s ribosomal DNA sequences Historically very common Sequences are conserved Primer design and amplification is relatively easy although complete sequence is around 1.8 kb. Probably represents the largest database of available Eimerian sequences.

18s Phylogeny Updated to include data from other galliforme birds: Chukars and pheasants More questions arise: is Eimeria of chickens and turkeys paraphyletic Do cecal Eimeria in galliforme birds represent (ie E. tenella, E. necatrix, E. adenoides) a separate colonization of the Gut?

Cytochrome c oxidase subunit I Encoded on the mitochondrial genome Well conserved (most highly conserved of the mitochondrial genes Single copy

ITS-1 and ITS-2 Use has been very wide especially in higher eukaryotes Quickly evolving- very divergent even among closely related taxa In Apicomplexans structure and evolution or ribosomal DNA may be VERY different For example: Plasmodium falciparum has two independently evolving rDNA gene, expressed differentially among stages of the life-cycle. Similar rDNA structures also found in Cryptosporidium, Theileria, and possibly Eimeria maxima This can confound phylogeny

Eimeria maxima appears to contain at least two highly dissimilar ITS-1 sequences (same is seen with ITS-2) ITS sequences are most likely of limited use in reconstructing species phylogeny in Eimeria BEWARE of ITS based Species phylogenies

The future? Better sampling of species Multi-gene phylogenies Identify more suitable target genes to base species phylogenies on. Such as conserved (at least in Eimeria), single copy, nuclear genes.