EXPECTING THE UNEXPECTED TURKEY EXPECTING THE UNEXPECTED

“WESTERNIZATION/ SECULARIZATION” November 1922, Sultanate abolished October 13, 1923, Ankara becomes the new capital. March 3, 1924, Caliphate abolished April 8, 1924, Religious courts abolished November 25, 1925, Fez abolished December 26, 1925, International time and calendar adopted March 26, 1926, Alcohol made legal for Muslims September 1, 1926, Civil marriage made compulsory April 10, 1927, House and street numbering adopted November 1, 1928, Latin alphabet adopted April 3, 1930, Women enfranchised March 26, 1931, Metric system adopted June 21, 1934, Family Name Law adopted 1935, Sunday becomes the weekly holiday

Father of His Country

Precedents and Limitations of Westernization The Tanzimat – 1839-1876 “Special Places” Istanbul Smyrna/Izmir Ankara

Turk? Kurd? Armenian?

Diyarbikir

The Politics of Identity CHP – Republican Peoples Party First open elections, 1950 Democratic Party – Adnan Menderes Coups 1960 1971 1980 1997* -- Erbakan, Welfare Party 2016

Politics & Islam Today AK Party – Justice and Development (Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi) CHP – Republican People’s Party MHP – Nationalist Movement Party (Milliyetçi Hareket Partisi)

Coming to the Point

Space and Symbol 2013

In the Capital -- Symbols – Secular, National, and Religious

Observations on Contemporary Issues Islam in Turkey – A Threat or a Tradition? EU or not EU? Moving Toward Democracy or to Theocracy? Armenians, Kurds, and the nature of the state. Turkey and the US after the Cold War Ottomania and the rediscovery of “heritage”

Program Break

The Peoples of Anatolia c 10,500-7000 Cave dwellings at Karain BC c7000 Earliest evidence of agriculture c 6500-3000 Çatalhöyük,Alachöyük, Canhasan, Beycesultan settlements c 3000 First settlement at Troy c 1950 Assyrian merchant colony at Kanesh c 1600-1100 Hittite and neo-Hittite kingdoms and states c 1100-1000 Greek colonists arrive on the Aegean coast c 900 Urartu kingdom in eastern Anatolia c 900-800 Phrygian, Lydian, Carian, and Lycian cultures in western Anatolia c 660 Establishment of Byzantium by Byzas of Megara

Catalhuyok

The Hittite Empire at its Peak

The Lion Gate at Hattusa

The Peoples of Anatolia Part 2 c 550 The “Hayk” who would become known as Armenians are drawn into the Median Empire Persian Rule in Anatolia 546 Cyrus of Persia defeats Croesus, beginning of Persian rule in Anatolia The Hellenistic Period in Anatolia 334 Alexander defeats the Persians at the battle of the Granicus River beginning of the Hellenistic period in Anatolia 130 Roman province of Asia established 66 Mithridatic wars end, Rome controls most of Anatolia AD First century through fifth century – Roman imperial rule in Anatolia 40-56 journeys of St. Paul, first Christian community at Antioch 300 Christianity becomes the official religion of the Armenian state

Asia Minor as “Greek”

Sub-States

Roman (Biblical) Anatolia

Eastern Rome --Byzantium

Church as Museum

Turkish Museum Meze