YAK-Aerosib : Study on tropospheric composition over Siberia Jean-Daniel Paris1 Ph. Nedelec2, M. Ramonet1, G. Golytsin3, B. Belan4, M. Arshinov4, G. Athier2, F. Boumard1, J.-M. Cousin2 , et Ph. Ciais1 Jean-Daniel.Paris@cea.fr Thanks Robert Vautard [LSCE] MM5-Chimere Gregoire Cayez [Lab. d’Aérologie] & Andreas Stohl [NILU, Norvège] Flexpart Frederic Chevallier [LSCE] données ECMWF Joyce Harris [NOAA, USA] clusters Hysplit 1 Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement IPSL, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Saclay 2 Laboratoire d’Aérologie UPS-CNRS, Toulouse 3 Institute of Atmospheric Physics RAS, Moscow, Russia 4 Institute of Atmospheric Optics SB-RAS, Tomsk, Russia

YAK-Aerosib, J.-D. Paris et al. Background & Goals Background : Siberia represents 32% of global soil carbon pool. Sink estimated 0.0 – 1.0 GtC.yr-1 (Gurney, Nature, 2002) Extratropical Asia is scarcely touched by studies on atmospheric transport in the Northern hemisphere (Akimoto, Science, 2003) Goals : Bring new constraints on Siberian CO2 sources and sinks Characterize the variability of ozone and CO at the continental scale. YAK-Aerosib, J.-D. Paris et al.

YAK-Aerosib, J.-D. Paris et al. Antonov-30 platform Flight ceiling – 8100 m Flight duration – 8 hr Endurance – 3400 km Max flight speed – 540 km/h Speed during measurements – 300 km/h Runway length – 1300 m Aircraft crew – 7 pilots Science crew – <10 persons Aircraft length – 24.3 m Aircraft height – 8.3 m YAK-Aerosib, J.-D. Paris et al.

Intensive airborne campaigns first measurements 1. Intensive airborne campaigns first measurements YAK.1/11-14 April 2006 YAK.2/7-10 September 2006 Profiles CO2, CO & O3

Instrumental Setup CO2 CO + O3 Antonov 30 Methane CO2 13C isotope CURRENTLY OPERATED CO2 LSCE, Saclay. In operation CO + O3 LA, Toulouse. In operation Antonov 30 IAO, Tomsk (shown: Inlet) TO BE DEPLOYED Methane LSP, Grenoble. Test phase CO2 13C isotope LPMAA, Paris. Test phase Flask sampler MPI-BGC, Jena. Ready YAK-Aerosib, J.-D. Paris et al.

YAK-Aerosib, J.-D. Paris et al. Flight pattern 3 days of flight 2-8 vertical legs per flight from 500 to 7000 m agl 8000km across Siberia 7km YAK-Aerosib, J.-D. Paris et al.

Meteorological conditions, april YAK-Aerosib, J.-D. Paris et al.

Meteorological conditions, sept. YAK-Aerosib, J.-D. Paris et al.

YAK-Aerosib, J.-D. Paris et al. Average profiles YAK-Aerosib, J.-D. Paris et al.

YAK-Aerosib, J.-D. Paris et al. mozaic Data: Valérie Thouret, L.A., pers. comm. spring summer Fall winter YAK-Aerosib, J.-D. Paris et al.

Pollutants transport in Siberia 2. Pollutants transport in Siberia

Anthropic emissions origines during the campaigns Flexpart (ECMWF fields) YAK-Aerosib, J.-D. Paris et al.

Polluted layers detection Stratification, polluted filaments over 500km in the horizontal 60°N-120°E 3nm<dp<70nm dp>70nm Aerosol number conc, cm-3 YAK-Aerosib, J.-D. Paris et al.

April: N-E China affect [CO] over Siberia YAK1& Mopitt 173 ppb 190 ppb YAK1: 4-6km, flight segment average & MOPITT April average at 500hPa YAK-Aerosib, J.-D. Paris et al.

YAK-Aerosib, J.-D. Paris et al. From China to Siberia Flexpart: retroplume 10 days back Interception of a polluted dust storm 2002 MODIS/Terra YAK-Aerosib, J.-D. Paris et al.

Chemistry transport eulerian study Regional CTM: MM5-Chimere 1.0 x 0.75°, 10 levels [CO] (anomaly from N-E China emissions) defined as: (reference run) minus (run with all but NE Chinese emissions) YAK trajectory shown 2006/04/12, 0400GMT z ~ 3000-5000m YAK-Aerosib, J.-D. Paris et al.

Chinese pollutant export : episode toward Sibérie and Taiwan DCO Hovmöller diagram of the event simulation MM5-Chimere YAK-Aerosib, J.-D. Paris et al.

YAK-Aerosib, J.-D. Paris et al. OMI Aerosol index YAK-Aerosib, J.-D. Paris et al.

WCB frequency to East Siberia 3-yr Climatology of air masses monthly origin: September 2003-2005 Hysplit backtrajectories cluster analysis, september (Joyce Harris, NOAA) YAK-Aerosib, J.-D. Paris et al.

3. CO2 variability

YAK-Aerosib, J.-D. Paris et al. CO2 – CO correlation YAK-Aerosib, J.-D. Paris et al.

7 September 2006 as an example Zonal flux, crossing a weak front High variability between consecutive CO2 profiles YAK-Aerosib, J.-D. Paris et al.

CO2 Boundary layer variogram YAK-Aerosib, J.-D. Paris et al.

Conclusion & Perspectives Presentation of YAK campaigns and data Continental variability of CO2 during growth season strongly affected by synoptic conditions Pollutants transport des in Siberia: chinese episode, european transport Evolving: Using MM5-Chimère to quantify flux of pollutants toward Siberia (climatology, event-based) Characterization of transport for the study of CO2 fluxes, lagrangian model, CO surrogate tracer Inversion (LPDM?) to better constrain CO2 sources and sinks Contribution to Polarcat Provide an (almost) “off the shelf” campaign in Siberia equipped with instruments for CO2, CO, ozone, aerosols number conc., … Advantage: blank spot in observation networks Limitations: new instruments? Difficulty to change flight route? YAK-Aerosib, J.-D. Paris et al.