Marilena AvrigeanuMarilena Avrigeanu Vlad Avrigeanu Vlad Avrigeanu Marilena AvrigeanuMarilena Avrigeanu Effects of direct interactions on deuteron surrogate reactions Horia Hulubei National Institute for Physics & Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest, Romania Horia Hulubei National Institute for Physics & Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest, Romania"Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest Marilena Avrigeanu, Vlad Avrigeanu, and C. Costache Horia Hulubei National Institute for Physics & Nuclear Engineering (IFIN-HH), Bucharest, Romania Reaction mechanisms in deuteron interactions 1. CALCULATIONS’ TOOLS: Nuclear Models & CODES 2. Update parametrization for Deuteron Breakup (BU) 3. Direct Reactions (DR) : stripping & pick-up 4. Effects of BU & DR on Deuteron Surrogate Reactions 5. Conclusions Marilena Avrigeanu ECT* Workshop: Three-body systems in reactions with rare isotopes, 3-7 October, 2016 4th Association EURATOM-MEdC Days Meeting, Ramnicu Valcea, 01-02.10. 2007 Progress Meeting Specifc Grant F4E-GRT-168.02: 2.-3.12.2015, Paris JEFF/EFF Meeting, OECD/NEA-DB, 24-28.11.2014 1 1

Marilena AvrigeanuMarilena Avrigeanu Vlad Avrigeanu Vlad Avrigeanu CALCULATIONS’ TOOLS: Nuclear Models & CODES Marilena AvrigeanuMarilena Avrigeanu Horia Hulubei National Institute for Physics & Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest, Romania"Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest Horia Hulubei National Institute for Physics & Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest, Romania Motivation: Nuclear Data Needs ITER, IFMIF, SPIRAL2, Breeder Reactors REQUIRED deuteron reaction cross sections measurements & calculations (E ~ 50 MeV): Al, Cu, Nb, Co, Mn, Fe, Cr, Ni, C…Th, U, Reliable gas production cross-section data (H, He) Dosimetry data file for E > 20 MeV (IRDF) Surrogate reactions (d,pɤ), (d,pf) on Th, U,… Deuteron breakup BREAKUP [M. Avrigeanu, V. Avrigeanu] - total, elastic and inelastic breakup c.s.: M. Avrigeanu et al., Fusion. Eng. Design, 84, 418 (2009); - inelastic breakup enhancements : P. Bém et al., Phys. Rev. C 79, 044610 (2009); E. Šimečková et al., Phys. Rev. C 84, 014605 ( 2011; M. Avrigeanu et al., Phys. Rev. C 85, 034603 (2012); 88, 014612 (2013); 89, 044613 (2014); 92, 02160(R) (2015), 94, 0146-6 (2016). Direct reactions FRESCO (Version FRES 2.9, September 2011) [I.J. Thompson] - breakup: elastic component (CDCC): M. Avrigeanu, A.M. Moro, Phys. Rev. C 82, 037610 ( 2010). - elastic transfer: weakly bound systems: M. Avrigeanu et al., Nucl. Phys. A 759, 327 ( 2005). - stripping & pick-up: (d,p), (d,n), (d,t ), (d,α) Composite system equilibration STAPRE-H95 [V. Avrigeanu, M. Avrigeanu] (updated) - OMP:SCAT2000; preequilibrium: GDH / EXCITON; evaporation: Hauser-Feshbach TALYS - 1.4 - 1.8 [A. Koning, S. Hilaire, M. Duijvestijn] - OMP:ECIS’97; breakup, preequilibrium: MSD / EXCITON; evaporation: Hauser-Feshbach Marilena Avrigeanu ECT* Workshop: Three-body systems in reactions with rare isotopes, 3-7 October, 2016 4th Association EURATOM-MEdC Days Meeting, Ramnicu Valcea, 01-02.10. 2007 Progress Meeting Specifc Grant F4E-GRT-168.02: 2.-3.12.2015, Paris JEFF/EFF Meeting, OECD/NEA-DB, 24-28.11.2014 2 2

E: [15-80] MeV E: [10-30] MeV Marilena Avrigeanu Marilena Avrigeanu   E: [15-80] MeV E: [10-30] MeV Marilena Avrigeanu Marilena Avrigeanu ECT* Workshop: Three-body systems in reactions with rare isotopes, 3-7 October, 2016 3

Warning for d-surrogates DIRECT INTERACTION MECHNISMS : d+238U INTERACTION d-OMP: Haixia-Cai, Phys. Rev. C73, 054605 (2006) Ed=15 MeV: 1-σDI/σR =0.124 BU dominance Warning for d-surrogates analyzed in CN frame t-OMP: Xiaohua et al. Nucl.Phys. A789, 103 (2007) p-OMP: Capote-Soukhovitski, J. Nucl. Sc.&Tech 45, 333 (2008) Marilena Avrigeanu Marilena Avrigeanu ECT* Workshop: Three-body systems in reactions with rare isotopes, 3-7 October, 2016 4

SURROGATE REACTIONS: STRONG EFFECTS OF THE DEUTERON BREAKUP inelastic breakup enhancement 238U(nBF,ɤ)239U CN mechanism, too restrictive frame for d-surrogate & LARGE leakage of d flux through BU + DR before CN formation Marilena Avrigeanu Marilena Avrigeanu ECT* Workshop: Three-body systems in reactions with rare isotopes, 3-7 October, 2016 5

inelastic breakup enhancement SURROGATE REACTIONS: STRONG EFFECTS OF THE DEUTERON BREAKUP test of d-surrogate EXCEPT the Surrogate Ratio Method, where the effects of BU & DR are diminished surrogate reaction: 232Th(d,pɤ)233Th Ed=12 MeV Ep : [9.672 - 8.676] MeV; θp :[ 124o -138o] inelastic breakup enhancement 232Th(nBF,ɤ)233Th 233Th*: BU inelastic enh. 232Th(nbreakup,ɤ) DR (stripping) 232Th(d,p) CN 232Th(d,p) & NOT CONSIDERED : LARGE leakage of d flux flux through BU before CN formation Marilena Avrigeanu 14th Int. Conf. on Nuclear Reactions Mechanisms, June 15-19, 2015, Varenna, Italy

ROLE OF DIRECT REACTIONS: STRIPPING & PICK-UP Important for the first-chance emitted particle Marilena Avrigeanu ECT* Workshop: Three-body systems in reactions with rare isotopes, 3-7 October, 2016

BREAKUP ENHANCEMENT: Marilena Avrigeanu ECT* Workshop: Three-body systems in reactions with rare isotopes, 3-7 October, 2016

CONCLUSIONS deuteron induced reactions Marilena Avrigeanu CONCLUSIONS "Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest Thank you! Nuclear Reactions studies based on deuteron induced reactions should consider BREAKUP & STRIPPING / PICK-UP EFFECTS DIRECT INTERACTIONS (DI) effects to d interactions BREAKUP: DOMINANT for heavy targets at Ed~VC BREAKUP ENHANCEMENT of activation c.s. (d,t) pick-up exclusive contribution at low-energy EF part PE & EVAPORATION cross sections corrected for initial flux leakage towards DIRECT INTERACTIONS UPDATE FOR DEUTERON SURROGATE MODEL Marilena Avrigeanu ECT* Workshop: Three-body systems in reactions with rare isotopes, 3-7 October, 2016 5th Workshop on Nuclear Level Density & Gamma Strength, Oslo, May 18 - 22, 2015International Workshop in Theoretical Nuclear Physics, 22-28 June 2014, Rila, Bulgaria 9

Marilena Avrigeanu Marilena Avrigeanu ECT* Workshop: Three-body systems in reactions with rare isotopes, 3-7 October, 2016 10

BREAKUP SYSTEMATICS Marilena Avrigeanu Marilena Avrigeanu ECT* Workshop: Three-body systems in reactions with rare isotopes, 3-7 October, 2016 11

Corrected Pɤ by d-flux leakage through DI (frac=0.124) Marilena Avrigeanu Marilena Avrigeanu Marilena Avrigeanu ECT* Workshop: Three-body systems in reactions with rare isotopes, 3-7 October, 2016 ND2016, 11-16 / 09 2016 Bruges Belgium 12 12

Breakup versus Stripping BU +ST+PE+CN mechanisms CN Ed =15 MeV (C.M. ~ 14 MeV) BU Stripping (ST) BU: deuteron breakup deuteron binding energy: Bd=2.225 MeV εpmax = Ed - Bd ~ 11.8 MeV BUthreshold ~ 11.8 MeV PE ST: deuteron stripping (d,p) Q Al(d,p) = 5.5 MeV εpmax ~ Ed + Q Al(d,p) =19.5 MeV Stripping energy regions Marilena Avrigeanu ECT* Workshop: Three-body systems in reactions with rare isotopes, 3-7 October, 2016

ROLE OF THE DIRECT PROCESSES IN DEUTERON INTRACTIONS Marilena Avrigeanu ECT* Workshop: Three-body systems in reactions with rare isotopes, 3-7 October, 2016

Marilena Avrigeanu Marilena Avrigeanu ECT* Workshop: Three-body systems in reactions with rare isotopes, 3-7 October, 2016 15