Domestic cogeneration Henrik Weldingh DEFU a.M.B.A

Domestic cogeneration Distributed generation Combined Heat and Power, CHP Domestic cogeneration domestic use connected to the Low-voltage (230/400 V) up to 16 A per phase (<11 kVA) single-phased or three-phased

Domestic Cogeneration Environmental benefits (cogeneration) high utilisation of fuel Benefits in production of heat more than in production of electricity (domestic) will be thermally led 10 kVAe  20 kWth

Domestic cogeneration Technology available gas-engines, Stirling-engines, fuel cells etc. Needs the economy of scale standardisation Key factor: Rules for the connection to the grid must be safe and simple to connect

Domestic cogeneration Bi-directional energy flow in contrast to the design of the network

The CWA CEN Workshop Agreement bridge the gab between consortia and the formal process of standardisation A CWA is developed by the workshop (participants with direct interest) Not a standard

The CWA Recommends future good practice Forms a sensible starting point for the standardisation process

The CWA on domestic cogeneration Initiated April 2001 Finished December 2002 CWA 14642 January 2003 28 organisations 10 European countries CIRED participated as a (European) organisation

CIRED questionnaire Through CIRED WG04 12 questions Reply from 10 countries

CIRED questionnaire Rules in existence Most important technical issue: no specific rules (at that time) all kind of rules and regulations on this field Most important technical issue: Safety (dual supply) Power quality (voltage quality) flicker steady state voltage rise

CIRED questionnaire Procedures etc. required to isolate the (distributed) generators for work on the network rules in some countries Specific questions on protections specific answers

The CWA on domestic cogeneration Condition: domestic cogeneration represents a non dominant part of the (local) power production. Does not cover the safety for DNO personnel working upstream Does not cover tariff questions

The CWA on Domestic Cogeneration Safety requirements Power quality fortification of the grid? Operation and safety of the appliance dual supply Commissioning Type-testing and type certification

The CWA on domestic cogeneration Protection system: safety of persons power quality security of supply protection of the appliance itself Same measure may serve several purposes

The CWA on domestic cogeneration Loss-of-mains protection fast action to protect stay connected to avoid cascade loss of generation Simple solutions! National settings overrule values in the CWA

The CWA on domestic cogeneration Commissioning the DNO must be informed but not necessary to wait for acceptance Type-testing and type certification

From CWA to EN Process initiated in CENELEC WG group established kick-off meeting 6th of February 2003 WG group established BTWG 112-2

From CWA to EN Transferred to new TC 8 Meets May 21th 2003 IEC TC 8 System aspects for electrical energy supply CLC TC8x WG 2 Meets May 21th 2003 WG still open to experts