Birth of the American Republic

Warm Up 9/29/14 Why were the colonists upset with the new taxes passed by parliament? Read the Declaration of Independence on page 80. Who wrote the Declaration of Independence, and what enlightenment thinkers ideas were used in it? List three grievances listed against King George III.

Warm Up 9/30/14 How did the work of Montesquieu influence the framers of the U.S. constitution? What kind of government did our constitution create?

Warm Up 10/1/14 1. What five rights are expressed in the first amendment, which enlightenment philosopher likely influenced this amendment?

Standard 10.2 Students compare and contrast the Glorious Revolution of England, the American Revolution, and the French Revolution and their enduring effects worldwide on the political expectations for self-government and individual liberty. Compare and contrast=similarities and differences Enduring effects=lasting changes Political=government Individual liberty= personal rights

Standard 10.2 Simplified Students find the similarities and differences between the Glorious Revolution, the American Revolution, and the French Revolution, and examine their lasting effects on government and individual rights

10.2.3 Understand the unique character of the American revolution, its spread to other parts of the world, and its continuing significance to other nations.

Objective Students will identify the unique characteristics of the American revolution and how it impacted the rest of the world.

Colonial Discontent King George III wanted the colonies to help pay for the 7 Years War and the French and Indian war (taxes) Parliament passed the stamp act and the sugar act to increase taxes from the colonies

“No taxation without representation” Colonists had no representatives in parliament and felt they were being unfairly taxed.

Boston Massacre In March 1770 British soldiers in Boston opened fire on a crowd that was pelting them with stones and snow balls. Five protestors died in the event that became know as the Boston Massacre

Boston Tea Party December 1773 colonists threw a shipment of British Tea into the harbor to protest a tea tax.

Lexington and Concord The ongoing tension erupted in war in April 1775 In 1776 The second continental congress voted to declare independence from Britain

Declaration of Independence Thomas Jefferson was the main author of the declaration, which reflected John Locke’s ideas of the natural rights to “life, liberty, and property.” Also included was the idea that people had the right to abolish unjust governments.

Popular Sovereignty All government power comes from the people Jefferson argues that because the King had trampled on colonists rights that they had the right to rebel and set up a new government.

Declaration of Independence “We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights… Rights that cannot be taken away! What rights do you think they are talking about?

You’re welcome America that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.--That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed, --That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new Government, laying its foundation on such principles and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness” You’re welcome America

Declaration Conclusion We, therefore, the Representatives of the United States of America, in General Congress, Assembled, appealing to the Supreme Judge of the world for the rectitude of our intentions, do, in the Name, and by Authority of the good people of these Colonies, solemnly publish and declare, That these United Colonies are, and of Right ought to be Free and Independent States;

No longer connected that they are Absolved from all Allegiance to the British Crown, and that all political connection between them and the State of Great Britain, is and ought to be totally dissolved; and that as Free and Independent States, they have full Power to levy War, conclude Peace, contract Alliances, establish Commerce, and to do all other Acts and Things which Independent States may of right do. And for the support of this Declaration, with a firm reliance on the protection of divine Providence, we mutually pledge to each other our Lives, our Fortunes and our sacred Honor.

Treaty of Paris In 1781 the French naval fleet blockaded the Chesapeake Bay preventing supplies from getting to the British. Handing them a number of defeats. Two years later the Treaty of Paris was signed ending the war and giving the colonies independence.

New Constitution Creates a government run by the people for the people Created a federal republic Federal republic: power divided between the nation and state Separation of powers (Montesquieu): executive, legislative, and judiciary.

Article I (Legislative Branch) All legislative power (make laws)belongs to the Congress of the United States. Congress -House of Representatives (Section 2) -Senate (Section 3)

Article II (Executive Branch) Section 1 President and vice president Born citizen 35 years old 4 year term -22 amendment ratified in 1951 declared president may serve only two terms

Article III (Judicial Branch) Supreme Court -Serve for life -Mostly hears appealed cases from lower courts -Nine judges (nominated by president and approved by senate) -Chief Justice

Bill of Rights Bill of Rights:First ten amendments to the constitution. Amendment: A change in, or addition to, a constitution Established basic rights that the government had to protect. Fundamental to the passing of the constitution Open your book to page 84

Bill of Rights Established basic rights that the government had to protect. Fundamental to the passing of the constitution Open your book to page 97 and 73

Bill of Rights With a Partner summarize each of the amendments and create an illustration for at least five of the amendments. Discuss with your partner which amendments you find to be the most important then rate them 1-10 (1 being the most important)

1st Amendment Freedom of speech, religion, and press Right to assemble Petition RASPP

Right to assemble

2nd amendment right to bear arms

Bill of Rights With a Partner summarize each of the amendments and create an illustration for at least five of the amendments. Discuss with your partner which amendments you find to be the most important then rate them 1-10 (1 being the most important) Page 73 & 97

Objective Review Students will identify the unique characteristics of the American revolution and how it impacted the rest of the world.