Human Systems
The Human Circulatory System
Human Circulation Double Loop Systemic Pulmonary Transport of materials (oxygen, nutrients, hormones, waste) throughout body
Types of blood vessels Arteries (arterioles) Veins (venules) Capillaries
Human Heart 4 chambers: Atrium (left and right) Ventricles (left and right)
Blood flow through the heart Blood flows from the body to the heart via the vena cava Large veins connecting body to right atrium Right atrium enters right ventricle via the right AV valve (atrioventricular)
Blood flow through the heart Right ventricle pumps blood through pulmonary arteries and to the lungs (pulmonary circuit) Lungs return blood (oxygenated) to left atrium via the pulmonary veins
Blood flow through the heart Left atrium pumps blood into left ventricle via the left AV valve Left ventricle pumps blood to body via the aorta
Heart Actions Systole Diastole Contraction Depends on which part of the heart Atrial systole Ventricular systole Diastole Relaxation Atrial diastole Ventricular diastole
Regulation of Heart SA Node (pacemaker of heart) AV Node Sinoatrial node Near right atrium AV Node Atrioventricular node Coordinate contraction of ventricles together AND after the atria Bundle of His takes signal to ventricles
Regulation of the Heart
The Human Excretory System
Kidneys Major organ of excretion Bean shaped organs along vertebrae near thoracic/lumbar spine 2 regions: Cortex Medulla
Blood Supply to Kidneys Renal arteries Blood enters kidneys to be filtered Renal veins Blood leaves kidneys to return to the heart, lungs
Kidneys and Excretion Excrete liquid waste through the ureters Ureters empty into the urinary bladder Kidneys produce urine Urea – amino acid breakdown Uric acid – nucleic acid breakdown
Nephron Functional unit of the kidney Bowman’s capsule – enlarged, cup-like structure with blood vessels (glomerulus) – within the cortex Proximal tubule Loop of Henle Distal tubule Collecting duct
The Nephron
From the nephron… Collecting duct (containing urine) dumps into ureters Ureters to urinary bladder Once bladder is full, will empty into exterior of body
Control of Kidney Function Antidiuretic hormone