The Peloponnesian War and Tragedy

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Presentation transcript:

The Peloponnesian War and Tragedy

460 – 445 and 431 – 404 BCE Main rivals: Athens vs Sparta (including the respective allies)

1st Peloponnesian War (ended with a truce in 445, called the Thirty Years‘ Treaty) New hostilities arose in 433, when Athens allied itself with Corcyra (Corfu), a strategically important colony of Corinth 431: Thebes, a Spartan ally, attacked Plateeia, an Athenian ally Fighting: two periods of ten and eleven years separated by a truce of six years, The Truce of Nicias

Pericles, fell victim to a plague in 429) Archidamus II, King of Sparta (dies in 427) Thucydides

The end … 413: Athenian invasion of Sicily failed By 411: Athens itself is in turmoil – its democracy overthrown by oligarchs – the oligarchs are later replaced by the Regime of the Five Thousand Athens, emboldened by several minor victories, rejected Spartan peace offers Sparta sought an alliance with Persia 405: Athenian navy is destroyed at Aegospotami by Sparta‘s Lysander Spartans cut off all food supplies to the city of Athens 404: surrender of Athens

Lesson … HYBRIS (arrogance before the gods) NEMESIS (the remorseless goddess of revenge)

The downfall of the most culturally and politically advanced Greek city-state to annihiliation Policy of aggression and arrogance The rule of the strongest trumped any rule of law Narrated by Thucydides, Aeschylus, Sophocles, Euripides …

Questions for Groupwork Describe the main narrative (event, characters, the framing of the different parties, etc.)! Can you establish similarities between Thucydides‘s account of the Peloponnesian War and Euripides‘s The Trojan Women? Why can we (or you) identify with these stories?