From the Crusades to New Muslim Empires

Page 266-267

The Major Crusades Map Questions Pg 266-267 Answer in complete sentences The men (and they were almost all men) who answered the Pope’s call to take back the Holy Land were called Crusaders. From which parts of Europe did most of these Crusaders come from? Which city appears to be the focus of the Crusaders’ efforts? Which Crusade did not make it there? How many years separated the First and the Fourth Crusades? The area around the Jerusalem is often called the Holy Land. Who controlled the Holy Land at the time of the Third Crusade? Were those people Christian or Muslim? About how far is the journey from England to Acre by way of Italy? Looking at the information from the map, does it look like the Crusades were a pilgrimage (a journey to a holy or sacred place) or a holy war (a war fought by believers of a religion to spread or defend their religion)? Write a 6-8 paragraph stating your opinion and support your reasoning with evidence from the map and Pgs 264-268.

The Major Crusades Map Questions Pg 266-267 Answer in complete sentences The men (and they were almost all men) who answered the Pope’s call to take back the Holy Land were called Crusaders. From which parts of Europe did most of these Crusaders come from? Which city appears to be the focus of the Crusaders’ efforts? Which Crusade did not make it there? How many years separated the First and the Fourth Crusades? The area around the Jerusalem is often called the Holy Land. Who controlled the Holy Land at the time of the Third Crusade? Were those people Christian or Muslim? About how far is the journey from England to Acre by way of Italy? Looking at the information from the map, does it look like the Crusades were a pilgrimage (a journey to a holy or sacred place) or a holy war (a war fought by believers of a religion to spread or defend their religion)? Write a 6-8 paragraph stating your opinion and support your reasoning with evidence from the map and Pgs 264-268. The men (and they were almost all men) who answered the Pope’s call to take back the Holy Land were called Crusaders. From which parts of Europe did most of these Crusaders come from? Which city appears to be the focus of the Crusaders’ efforts? Which Crusade did not make it there? How many years separated the First and the Fourth Crusades? The area around the Jerusalem is often called the Holy Land. Who controlled the Holy Land at the time of the Third Crusade? Were those people Christian or Muslim? About how far is the journey from England to Acre by way of Italy? Looking at the information from the map, does it look like the Crusades were a pilgrimage (a journey to a holy or sacred place) or a holy war (a war fought by believers of a religion to spread or defend their religion)? Write a 6-8 paragraph stating your opinion and support your reasoning with evidence from the map and Pgs 264-268.

Ch. 11 From the Crusades to New Muslim Empires Visual Vocab.

Visual Vocabulary 1. Crusades 2. Sultan A series of religious wars launched by European Christians to reclaim Jerusalem and other holy sites from Muslims. The supreme ruler of a Muslim state

Visual Vocab Cont. 3. Holy Land 4.Inquisition The area between Egypt and Syria that was the ancient homeland of Jews and the place where Jesus Christ had lived; also called Palestine. A judicial body established by the Roman Catholic Church to combat heresy and other forms of religious error.

Visual Vocab Cont. 5. Anti-Semitism 6. Segregation Hostility or discrimination against Jews. The forced separation of one group from the rest of a community.

Visual Vocab Cont. 7. Shah 8. Ransom A ruler in certain Middle East lands, especially Persia (modern day Iran) Money paid in exchange for the release of prisoners

Visual Vocab Cont. 9. Synagogue 10. Expulsion A Jewish house of worship. Removal by force.

Visual Vocab Cont. 11. Iberian Peninsula A peninsula in southwestern Europe that today is divided between Spain and Portugal.

Events Leading Up to the Crusades A Seljuk Turk sultan now ruled the Abbassid Empire. Seljuk Turks invaded the Byzantine Empire in Anatolia. Christian pilgrimages to Jerusalem become risky.

The Story of the Crusades The pope receives a message from the Byzantine emperor asking for help. The pope calls for a crusade to free the Holy Land from Muslim control and promises entry into heaven for all those who join in the fight.

The Story of the Crusades (cont.) Christian faith inspired many to put on the red cross worn by the crusaders. Others went for wealth and adventure.

The First Crusade (1096-1099) Begins with the Peasant Crusade. The peasants are slaughtered shortly after arriving in Anatolia.

The First Crusade (1096-1099) cont. 30,000 crusaders fight their way through Anatolia. 1099, Jerusalem surrenders and Muslims and Jews are slaughtered or sold into slavery. The crusaders set up four crusader kingdoms.

The Second Crusade (1146-1148) Called to recapture Edessa from the Muslims. Crusaders accomplished nothing.

The Third Crusade (1189-1192) The Crusade of Kings Called after Salah al-Din conquered most of the Holy Land after the Battle of the Horns of Hattin.

The Third Crusade (1189-1192) The Crusade of Kings (cont.) Richard the Lionheart, reconquered some of the Holy Land. Richard slaughters almost 3,000 Muslim prisoners. Richard agrees to treaty with Salah al-Din: Crusaders will keep coastal cities and pilgrims will be able to visit Jerusalem.

Later Crusades The Fourth Crusade attacked Constantinople and began the Latin Empire: not one Muslim was killed. “Children’s Crusade” leads to the death or enslavement of thousands of children. In 1291, the last crusader city was conquered by the Muslims in the Holy Land.

The Reconquista Umayyad caliphate broke up into rival kingdoms in 1002. Christians launched a series of wars (the Reconquista) to retake the Iberian Peninsula.

The Reconquista (cont.) In 1085, Christians conquer Toledo. In 1139, Portugal became an independent Christian kingdom. By 1248, only Granada remains in Muslim hands. 1492, Ferdinand and Isabella defeat last Muslim stronghold.

The Reconquista (cont.) Jews and Muslims faced the Inquisition. The expulsion of many Jews and Muslims occur.

Christians and the Crusades Economic changes: increase in use of money in Europe; some knights began performing banking functions; kings started tax systems to pay for crusades.

Christians and the Crusades (cont.) Social changes: monarchs became more powerful; nobles became weaker. Contact with East: Christians learn about new foods and other goods; become far better educated.

Muslims and the Crusades Muslims gained little from the crusades. Trade increased with the West, so merchants increased profits.

Jews and the Crusades Jews suffered greatly from the Crusades. Christians attacked Jews at the calls for crusades. Synagogues were attacked. Anti-Semitism increased. Segregation of Jews occurred in the countries they were not expelled from.

EQ: How did the Crusades affect the lives of Christians, Muslims, and Jews? Take Cornell notes on sections 11.4-11.6. 11.4 Christians and the Crusades 11.5 Muslims and the Crusades 11.6 Jews and the Crusades As you are reading remember to take notes on how Christians, Muslims, and Jews were affected positively/negatively by the Crusades.

Outline to Essay How did the crusades affect the lives of Christians, Muslims, and Jews?

Task one: Bucketing Christian 11.4 Muslim 11.5 Jews 11.6

Thesis and Roadmap: How did the crusades affect the lives of Christians, Muslims, and Jews? and Muslims The crusades had both a positive and negative affect on the lives of but only negative affects on the lives of Jews.

Working Title: From Crusades to New Muslim Empires Paragraph 1 Grabber (hook): Background (explain history of the Crusades): State the question with key terms defined (EQ in your own words): Thesis and Road Map (chicken foot):   Paragraph 2 Baby Thesis for bucket one (Explain how the Crusades positively/negatively affected Christians’ lives):  Evidence (details from the reading that support your baby thesis): Argument (Explain how your evidence supports your baby thesis):  Paragraph 3 Baby Thesis for bucket two (Explain how the Crusades positively/negatively affected Muslims’ lives): Evidence (details from the reading that support your baby thesis):  Argument (Explain how your evidence supports your baby thesis):  Paragraph 4 Baby Thesis for bucket three (Explain how the Crusades positively/negatively affected Jewish lives): Evidence (details from the reading that support your baby thesis):  Argument (Explain how your evidence supports your baby thesis):   Paragraph 5 Conclusion (Perhaps an “Although” statement would work well here…Although Christians were in some ways positively affected by the Crusades….) Restate your thesis and road map with more conviction.

I. Introduction: Grabber: Imagine living in a world where wars are being fought over religious sites and religious beliefs. Background: During the 11th and 12th centuries Christian Crusaders fought against Muslims in hopes to reconquer the Holy Land. Restate the question: The lives of many Christians, Muslims, and Jews were affected by the actions of the crusaders; were their lives affected for better or worse? Thesis and Roadmap: The crusades had both a positive and negative impact on the lives of Christians and Muslims but had a very negative impact on the lives of Jews.

II. Body Paragraph #1 Baby Thesis: The crusades had both a positive and negative affect on the lives of Christians. Evidence: Discovered new foods Discovered new fabrics Learned new medical techniques and scientific discoveries Kings became more powerful Many died from diseases, in battle, and traveling Argument: Based on the evidence it is clear the crusades brought many positive changes to the lives of Christians and it also brought many new challenges to their lives.