Chapter 22—The “New Era” 1

Industry in the 1920s Second Industrial Revolution Electricity replaces steam Mass production techniques Residential building boom Weakening of labor unions Better working conditions Companies offer welfare capitalism Labor unions = un-American

The Automobile Ford introduces higher wage, reduced workday Reduced turnover Boosted sales Competition from General Motors New market for rubber, steel, roads, gas stations Made leisure more regular Urban & suburban growth

Exceptions to Prosperity Farmers Could not pay mortgages Prices of farm staples drop McNary-Haugen bill vetoed Coal miners Textile workers

The New Mass Culture Movies Radio Tabloids Advertisements Hollywood Liberated social themes; established norms Radio Music, weather, church, etc. Advertisers foot cost Tabloids Advertisements More creative Scientifically based

The State, the Economy, & Business Republican presidencies in the 1920s President Harding Relaxed, advisors become important Teapot Dome scandal Leasing of navy oil reserves in Teapot Dome Sec. of Int. Albert Fall imprisoned Dies of heart attack

The State, the Economy, & Business Coolidge succeeds Harding “The business of America is business” Reduced federal spending Andrew Mellon’s tax cuts Progressive programs cut back Hoover & Dawes work out the Dawes Plan Reduced Germany’s debt Stretched repayment period European debts to U.S. become sore issue

Resistance to Modernity Prohibition Widespread law-breaking in cities Increase in organized crime Repealed in 1933 (21st Amendment) Immigration Restriction KKK arises again in 1915 White Supremacy, anti-Catholic, supported Prohibition Fades in 1925; leader disgraced

The Scopes Trial John T. Scopes taught evolution to students in Dayton, TN which violated Divine Creation Scopes’ guilty verdict thrown out due to a technicality

Feminism in Transition League of Women Voters Emphasized importance of suffrage Pushed for protective legislation for women & children National Woman’s Party Downplayed significance of suffrage Women were still insubordinate to men Favored Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) Eliminate sex as a category Absolute equality

Margaret Sanger Contraceptive campaigning Introduced birth control clinics Advanced female autonomy

Effects of the Great Migration Increased African American migration to urban north Harlem Renaissance Encouraged African Americans to celebrate their distinctive culture Paved way for Civil Rights

Use specific examples to answer the questions below (Make sure to mention important people ad their role!) Many people gained from the boom of the New Era, and others fell through the economic cracks. But the prosperity was widespread enough to usher in a new consumer society. Who gained? Who did not? What were the main elements of the national consumer-based society? One of the questions that has troubled historians concerns the legacy of Progressivism, looking at the 1920s, would you say that Progressive thought had died or triumphed? Why?

Speed Discussion Summaries (Must have notes from all sections!) Table of Contents Chapter Title Assignment Date 22 The “New Era” Overview 3/21 Section Summaries Speed Discussion Summaries (Must have notes from all sections!) 3/22 Textbook Focus Points 3/23 Power Point Notes (Take what you need) 3/24