Chapter 10 Violent Crimes Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.

Chapter Outline Homicide Assault Family-related crimes Rape and sexual assault Kidnapping Robbery Organized crime Emerging problems Violence and gun control

Homicide Killing of one human being by another Criminal homicides Justifiable homicide: Sanctioned by law Criminal homicides Murder: Intentional killing of another person with malice aforethought Felony murder: Requires intention to commit some other felony and the death of a person during the commission of or flight from that felony

Homicide (continued 1) Manslaughter: Unlawful killing of another person without malice Voluntary manslaughter: Killing committed intentionally but without malice Involuntary manslaughter: Killing unintentionally but recklessly by consciously disregarding a substantial and unjustifiable risk Negligent homicide: Criminal liability for grossly negligent killing in situations where the offender assumed a lesser risk

Categories of Homicides Those within the family Those among friends and acquaintances Stranger homicides associated with felonies Stranger homicides not associated with felonies

Types of Murder Serial murder Mass murder Gang murder Killing of several victims over a period of time Sociopaths: Lack internal controls, disregard values, and dominate others Mass murder Killing of multiple victims in one event or in very quick succession Gang murder Killing of rival gang members over drugs and territory

Assault Attack on a person with an apparent ability to inflict injury and is intended to frighten or to cause physical harm Battery: Results in touching or striking the victim Simple assault: Little or no physical hurt Aggravated assault: Serious harm on the victim or use of a deadly weapon

Family-Related Crimes Spouse abuse Attributed to the imbalance of power between male and female partners Child abuse Closely related to spouse abuse Children are injured due to reckless behavior on the part of their fathers while the latter are abusing their mothers Abuse of the elderly Domestic elder abuse Institutional elder abuse Self-neglect or self-abuse

Rape Act of forced intercourse by a man on a woman (other than the attacker’s wife) without her consent Stranger rape - Occurs when the victim has had little or no prior contact with the offender Predatory rape - Use of deception or force to rape by pretending to engage in legitimate dating behavior

Factors of Rape Psychological factors Sociocultural factors Rapists suffer from mental illness or personality disorders Offences are committed due to anger, drive for power, or the enjoyment of maltreating a victim Sociocultural factors Societal norms that approve of aggression as a demonstration of masculinity Social disorganization

Rape and the Legal System Difficulties of prosecution arise from: Lack of corroborating evidence Belief that the victim was in some way responsible for the attack Legislative changes Criminal sexual conduct law replaced the traditional rape laws for the first time in the state of Michigan

Rape and the Legal System (continued) Degrees of assaultive sexual acts differentiated by amount of force used, infliction of injury, age, and mental condition of the victim In states with rape shield laws: Women are no longer required to disclose their prior sexual activity Corroboration requirements have been reduced or eliminated

Kidnapping Abduction and detention by force or fraud and transport beyond the authority of the place where the crime was committed Lindbergh Act States that it is a felony to kidnap and transport a victim across a state or national border Crime was subject to death penalty, unless the victim was released unharmed

Robbery Taking of property from a victim by force and violence or by the threat of violence Types of robbers Professional Opportunistic Addict Alcoholic

Organized Crime Originated with the immigrants from southern Italy Sicilian families established their crime empires after manufacture, sale, and transportation of alcoholic beverages was outlawed in 1920

Organized Crime (continued 1) Became synonymous with the Sicilian Mafia Mafia: Sicilian families that were loosely associated with one another in operating organized crime Infiltrated legitimate businesses that resulted in several government investigations and control measures

Organized Crime (continued 2) Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations (RICO) Act Attacked racketeering activities Federal Witness Protection Program Protected witnesses who testified in court against organized crime Includes other groups Colombian, Bolivian, Peruvian, and Jamaican crime families

Organized Crime (continued 3) Disillusioned veterans of the Korean War Reinforced by veterans of Vietnam War Chinese gangs Israeli and Russian-Jewish Mafia Jamaican posses “Tattooed Men” of Japan’s Yakuza

Terrorism Groups resorting to violence or threat of violence against opposition of constituted authority Crucial to the terrorists’ scheme is the exploitation of the media to attract attention to their cause Worldwide destructive impact Resulted in increased costs of security measures

Other Threats Hate crimes Militias School violence

Gun Control Aims to restrict the availability of firearms Illegal gun ownership, gang membership, and drug use are closely related to gun crime, street crime, and minor delinquency Needs stiffer penalties, including mandatory sentences that take offenders off the streets