Nationalism during the “Era of Good Feelings” Chapter 5, Section 1

Warm-Up What does nationalism mean to you? Please write a 2-4 sentence response in your notebook. Be ready to share.

Essential Idea Nationalism – a feeling of pride in one’s country and the belief that one’s country is superior to others. After the War of 1812, American nationalism could be seen in culture, politics, the Supreme Court, land expansion, and the economy. How do we as Americans celebrate our Nationalism?

Nationalism? For each image you see write the first word that comes to mind. Does this image represent nationalism? Why or why not?

Nationalism How about this one?

Nationalism And this?

What inspires nationalism? Tragedy - Triumph

How do you interpret this one? Does this image inspire nationalism? Please respond in 1-3 sentences.

Nationalism Are there different perspectives on nationalism? Is it a feeling? Can individuals interpret the same images in different ways? Let’s explore a little further….

Remember this picture?

How does it relate to these pictures?

Remember this?

Add some perspective… When ”The Star Spangled Banner" played, Smith and Carlos delivered the salute with heads bowed, a gesture which became front page news around the world. As they left the podium they were booed by the crowd. Smith later said "If I win, I am American, not a black American. But if I did something bad, then they would say I am a Negro. We are black and we are proud of being black. Black America will understand what we did tonight.” 1968

Is this example of nationalism different than…

…this? How so? Please explain.

I thought American nationalism was a positive thing??? Hmmmmm.

Positive or Negative? Why?

What caused Nationalism to grow? War of 1812 The Supreme Court Changes in Transportation Monroe Doctrine American System

Post-war Nationalism Effects of Nationalism after War of 1812: Nationalism overshadowed sectionalism and the country was more unified. The country developed its own culture (non-European). The power of the federal government grew. The country’s size and economy expanded.

The “Era of Good Feelings” James Monroe was elected president in 1816 (two terms). Monroe oversaw the “Era of Good Feelings,” as a period of nationalism. Feeling of strong patriotism.

Political Nationalism Federalists Fall Apart: After the Federalists “died out,” only Democratic-Republicans were left. Until 1824, there was only one party, more unity, and willingness to compromise (for once). Parties split and would fight again when Andrew Jackson ran for president in 1824.

Judicial Nationalism John Marshall: Famous Chief Justice of the Supreme Court Marshall’s rulings/decisions reflected nationalism and strengthened the federal government.

Introduce project/activity. How do the court cases affect nationalism Introduce project/activity. How do the court cases affect nationalism? Answer the following questions on a separate sheet of paper.

What constitutional principle did the Supreme Court establish in the McCulloch case? What is the objective of the “necessary and proper” clause? What was the basis for the Court’s ruling that Maryland could not tax the Second Bank of the United States? How did the fact that Justice Marshall was a Federalist influence his ruling in the McCulloch case? How did the McCulloch ruling contribute to the strength of the national government?

What effect did the Supreme Court’s decision have on Dartmouth College? The Constitution did not mention corporations in Article I, Section 10, so how did Justice Marshall justify ruling that Dartmouth’s charter was a contract? Why is the Dartmouth case considered to be important in the economic history of the United States? Historians point out that the Dartmouth decision had an effect on the growth of state universities. Why do you think states established state universities after this decision? Justice John Marshall believed in a strong central government. How did the Dartmouth decision relate to this belief?

If you operated a trucking service between San Francisco, California, and Portland, Oregon, could you be subject to regulation by either or both of the states and the federal government? Explain. Why was it necessary for Marshall to take the trouble to explain why navigation should be considered as part of commerce? Explain in what way Justice Jackson’s characterization of Marshall’s Gibbons opinion was correct. In what way is Marshall’s ruling in the Gibbons case consistent with his other decisions, such as McCulloch v. Maryland, that related to federal versus state powers? Do you agree with Marshall’s ruling that Gibbons had a right to compete with Ogden’s ferry line? Give reasons for your answer.

Judicial Nationalism Case #1: McCulloch v. Maryland Issue: The STATE of Maryland tried to tax the Bank of the United States Ruling: States cannot interfere with an agency of the FEDERAL government Significance: Established the BUS as constitutional Established the FEDERAL government as supreme over states

Judicial Nationalism Case #2: Gibbons v. Ogden Issue: The STATE of New York gave a steamboat company license to operate on water between states Ruling: The FEDERAL government regulates trade between states Significance: Established that the FEDERAL government regulates INTERSTATE COMMERCE (trade) Expanded FEDERAL control over the NATIONAL economy

Judicial Nationalism Overall Effect of Marshall Court: Increased supremacy of FEDERAL government over states

Nationalism and Expansion Relationship between Nationalism and Expansion: Nationalism caused many Americans to want to expand the country Many Americans wanted the country to grow in size and power

Florida Florida: Spain still owned Florida Southern slaves ran away to Florida Seminole Indians in Florida launched attacks on the South Andrew Jackson was ordered in to Florida to stop the Seminoles

Jackson Takes Florida Jackson Takes Florida: Jackson destroyed many Seminole villages Jackson disobeyed orders by attacking Spanish forts and removing the Spanish governor

America Buys Florida Adams-Onis Treaty- Spain agreed to sell Florida to the United States Obtaining Florida

Westward Westward expansion: Americans began to move west into the Louisiana Territory, especially Missouri The North and South would eventually fight over whether slavery could expand westward too

Monroe Doctrine Monroe Doctrine: America worried that other countries would expand into North and South America too This was seen as a threat to the United States Monroe Doctrine- President Monroe declared the Americas off-limits to European powers The Monroe Doctrine How to teach it? How would the president today give off the doctrine?

5th President James Monroe The Monroe Doctrine Western Hemisphere was no longer open for colonization European interference in Western hemispheric viewed as a threat to its security The US would not interfere in European wars or colonies 5th President James Monroe

The Monroe Doctrine

Economic Nationalism Economic Nationalism: The economy grew during the “Era of Good Feelings” New Economic Plan: “American System”- Henry Clay’s plan to encourage economic growth as the country expanded westward

The “American System” Plan: The “American System” Part 1: Second Bank of the United States Details: The government rechartered the BUS The BUS would manage the growing NATIONAL economy Reactions: North favored this and owned most stock in the BUS South and West distrusted the BUS and thought it was unconstitutional

Tariffs Rates Increase Part 2: Protective Tariffs Details: These tariffs were higher and designed to PROTECT American businesses from foreign competition Reactions: Northern factories thrived under protection and could raise their prices South and West disliked higher prices for northern products South and West faced higher tariffs on their exports to other countries

Internal Improvements Part 3: “Internal Improvements” Details: Internal improvements- tariff revenue would pay for building roads, canals, and railroads Need for Transportation This would increase trade and help the country expand Reactions: North and West liked this because it helped the two areas trade Internal Improvements South disliked this because they got fewer internal improvements South felt STATES should pay for improvements, not the FEDERAL government

The “American System” Overall Effect of the “American System”: Helped develop a NATIONAL economy, but benefitted the South the least