Dr.Khuda Bakhsh Assistant Professor GC University, Faisalabad CONFLICT MANAGEMENT SKILLS AND LEADERSHIP EFFECTIVENESS Dr.Khuda Bakhsh Assistant Professor GC University, Faisalabad International Conference on Innovations in Learning & Teaching IIU, Islamabad April 25-26, 2016

INTRODUCTION Leading is one of the basic management functions, which has attracted the attention of many experts worldwide. In a school setting, leadership is a process by which an individual (Principal) influences, controls and coordinated the activities of others (teachers) to achieve the desired results. A School Principal is one of the most important and influential personnel in the process of education. His vision and practices have a significant effect on school success, school climate and student achievement

Conflict is the result of contrasting ideas when the peoples are not agreed upon the same idea there is a conflict. Conflict is an alarming situation produced by differences in opinions, ideas, religious facts, feelings and values between two or more people. It is natural process and sometimes may leads towards the competition which results in better result. We feel conflicts with other peoples in the daily routine matters. Conflicts in organizations are inevitable, regular, and indeed normal because organizations inherently consist of human interaction and. interdependence .

If the principal is not competent in decision making and conflict resolution, he is depressed to see the clashes, and applies for his immediate transfer from the school . Sometimes, he intends to resign his duties. A principal having certain conflict management skills can overcome the situation arising in the school. He uses his wisdom, skills, insight, experience, dominance, position powers interpersonal relations and personality traits to ease the situation accordingly

Statement of the problem The main statement of the problem is ‘how well certain conflict management skills contribute to Leadership Effectiveness. Considering the research problem, the following research questions were raised to be answered. What is the individual contribution of win-win approach to leadership Effectiveness ? What is the individual contribution of Assertiveness to leadership Effectiveness? What is the individual contribution of ‘Managing Emotions’ to leadership Effectiveness ? What is the individual contribution of ‘Development of Options’ to leadership Effectiveness? What is the individual contribution of ‘Mediation’ to leadership Effectiveness? What is the accumulative contribution of all the five determinants taken together to the Leadership Effectiveness?

Research Methodology A sample of five hundred teachers from one hundred colleges participated in the study. The researcher developed a questionnaire to measure the FIVE predictors taken as determinants of leadership effectiveness. . The collected data was entered into SPSS for data analysis. The strength of the each determinant of the leadership was found using regression analysis.

Results Table 1. Individual contribution of ‘ Assertiveness’ to Leadership Effectiveness Table 2. Individual contribution of ‘ Development of Options’ R R² Adjusted R Square Standard Error of the Estimate .714 .509 .512 5.765 R R² Adjusted R Square Standard Error of the Estimate .498 .248 .251 5.152

Individual contribution of ‘ Managing Emotions’ Table 3. Individual contribution of ‘ Managing Emotions’ Table 4. Table 4. Individual contribution of ‘ Mediation’ R R² Adjusted R Square Standard Error of the Estimate .572 .327 .329 5.278 R R² Adjusted R Square Standard Error of the Estimate .412 .169 .158 6.052

Individual contribution of ‘Win-Win approach ’ Table 5. Individual contribution of ‘Win-Win approach ’ Tables 1 to 5 show the results of linear regression analysis of the five selected variables with the Principal Effectiveness. Assertiveness was found to be dominant predictor contributing 50 % to the leadership. Parallel to it win- win approach, managing emotions, development of options and mediation well determined the leadership effectiveness with certain predictive powers (R²) as 36 %, 32 %, 24 % and 16 % respectively R R² Adjusted R Square Standard Error of the Estimate .605 .366 .365 5.011 .

(ii) Multiple Regression Analysis of the FIVE predictors with the Leadership Effectiveness Table 6. Joint contribution (cumulative effect of the all variables on the dependent variable) Table 6 depicts that the joint influence of the five determinants is about sixty five percent to the Principal Effectiveness . It means there may be other predictors of the leadership to be explored/replicated in the future research on the Leadership Effectiveness. R R² Adjusted R Square Standard Error of the Estimate .807 .651 .655 5.512  

Conclusions It was concluded with the results of data analysis that assertiveness is a strong predictor of leadership effectiveness followed by win-win approach, managing emotions, development of options and mediation. All of the FIVE predictors well determined the principal effectiveness with significant predictive powers (R²). The joint contribution of all the five predictors taken together was 65 percent to the variance of leadership . It implies that there may be other determinants of the leadership effectiveness to be investigated on the same lines.

RECOMMENDATIONS On the basis of findings, the followings recommendations were made: The principal should be self assured and assertive being able to stand up for his own and his teachers rights in a calm and positive way without being aggressive. The principal should do his best to satisfy both sides leading to win-win approach The leadership must control/manage the inflamed emotions of the teachers in a neutral and straight forward way to find a better acceptable solution. The leadership must develop so easy and appreciable options to dissolve a conflict with potent results. The principal should get into the dispute to resolve it as friendly intervention of a neutral power dealing the two sides as equal with his due interest and pleasure.

Thank You