SPE TRAIN THE TRAINERS : EXPLORATION AND PRODUCTION ACTIVITIES Presented by: Lotanna Ohazuruike

Outline Introduction: What do Petroleum Engineers Do? Exploration and Production Activities: Understanding Density Exploring Porosity Exploring Core Sampling Perforated Well Casing Getting The Oil Out Conclusions

What do Petroleum Engineers do? Petroleum Engineering Search for Oil Find the oil, thousands of feet below Before Drilling!!! Make a hole to get the Oil out (Drilling) Produce the Oil found WHY? To make YOU comfortable

Our Aim today… Give you simple illustrations of what we do Show you how basic Physics & Chemistry help us Make a Petroleum Engineer out of you!!!

Understanding Density E & P Activity 1: Understanding Density What Is Density? Our Experiment Today Pour 100mL each of syrup, vegetable oil, and water into the beaker Let the liquids settle for a few minutes. Observe what happens. One at a time, gently drop each object (cork, penny, glass marble, wooden bead, ice cube and grape) into the container. Observe where the objects settle

What Is Porosity? Percentage of holes (pores) in a rock or soil E & P Activity 2: Exploring Porosity What Is Porosity? Percentage of holes (pores) in a rock or soil Think of it like those holes in your bread & sponge

E & P Activity 2: Exploring Porosity Our Experiment Today Fill each of three beakers to the 350ml mark with large gravel, medium gravel and small gravel Fill the graduated cylinder with 100mL of water Slowly pour water into the three beakers until the water reaches the top of the rocks Record how much water was used. Calculate the Porosity: Porosity= Volume of Water Volume of Material ×100

Exploring Core Sampling E & P Activity 3: Exploring Core Sampling What is Core Sampling? Process of taking a cylindrical sample of a rock from the ground…like using a syringe for blood Our Experiment Today

Perforated Well Casing E & P Activity 4: Perforated Well Casing What is a Casing? A pipe put in the hole after drilling What is Perforation? A process of making holes on the casing for petroleum to come out

Perforated Well Casing E & P Activity 4: Perforated Well Casing Our Experiment Today 1.Place one sponge in a shallow tray. 2. Lay a straw on the sponge so the elbow is beyond the edge of the sponge. If necessary, trim the straw so the end of it is inside the end of the sponge by at least 3 cm (see diagram). 3. Lay the other sponge on top of the straw/sponge combination so the edges align with the first sponge. Wrap both sponges in plastic wrap to reduce water leaking out from the bottom. 4. Pour water on the sponges so they are saturated but almost no water is leaking out. 5. Put the other shallow dish beneath the straw protruding from the sponges. 6. Gently lay a heavy book on top of the sponges and observe the amount of water that comes from the straw. 7. Add another book to the first, and continue until no water comes from the straw. Try using your arms to provide more mass, if needed. 8. Record observations. Measure the amount of water in the collecting dish by pouring it into the graduated cylinder. 9. Disassemble the stack of books, sponges and straw. 10. Using a push pin, poke several holes about 3-5 mm apart on both sides of the straw. (If straws are striped, use the stripes as a guide). 11. Replace the straw in the stack of sponges and rewet the sponges as before. 12. Repeat steps 5-8. 13. Record observations.

E & P Activity 5: Getting the oil out Our Experiment Using the scissors, cut a 1 cm slit at one end of each straw. Join the straws end to end to form one long tube. Place the slit end of the straw into the inside of the adjoining straw. Place masking tape over each connected end to secure the joint and create an air tight seal. Place the carton of chocolate milk (or other beverage) on the floor. One member of the group stands on a chair and inserts the extended straw “tubing” into the beverage trying to bring the liquid to the top of the “tubing” using his/her suction. Now, decrease the number of straws used for the “tubing” by cutting off one straw. The same student tries to bring the liquid to the top. Continue cutting off one straw at a time. After each cut try to bring the liquid to the top of the tubing.

Conclusion Density separates oil, water and gas in petroleum reservoirs Pore spaces contain the oil in the reservoirs Core samples help us “SEE” the reservoir Casings help maintain the hole after drilling Perforations (holes through casings) connect the reservoir and the well Producing the oil is just like sucking a straw THAT SUMMARISES PETROLEUM ENGINEERING!!!

THANK YOU