Electricity and Magnetism Chapter 5

Static Electricity The build up of electrons( negative charge) on objects Protons-positive charge Electrons-negative charge

Negatively Charged An object has a negative charge when it has more electrons than protons An object that is positively charged has more protons than electrons

Static Electricity & Balloons Electrons are transferred from your hair to the balloon Now the balloon has a ____________ charge

Charge Induction The rearrangement of charges

Static Electric Discharge Occurs when “extra” electrons in a negatively-charged object “jump” through the air into another object

Magnetism Magnet: a piece of metal that can attract, or pull, other metals Magnetism: the force that magnets use to pull other metals

Magnetic materials: materials that are attracted to magnets Non-magnetic materials: materials that are not attracted to magnets

Electroscope

Magnetic Field The region in which a magnet’s “pull” can be felt by magnetic materials

Induced magnetism: the type of magnetism that magnetic materials have when they are in contact with a magnet

Activity In how many paperclips can you create an induced magnetism?

Electric Field The region in which the push or a pull of an electron or a proton can be felt by other particles

Electric Field between a proton & an electron

Electric Field between 2 protons

Electric Field between 2 electrons

Electric Current Flow of millions of electrons through an electric wire Electrons flow towards positive charge

Electrical Potential Difference The difference in charge between two materials For example, one material may be positive & the other negative. There is a difference in their charges.

Measuring Electricity Coulomb Ampere Volt Watt

Coulomb Coulomb: equals the charge of six quintillion electrons Named after Charles Coulomb

Ampere Ampere: a unit that tells us how many electrons are going past a certain point every second 1 ampere= 1 Coulomb per second Named after Andre Ampere

Volt Measures the strength of the “push” that a generator or battery gives to an electric current Named after Alessandro Volta

Watt Measures how much electrical power an appliance uses Named after James Watt

Circuit Path for electrons to travel

2 types of circuit Series parallel