Key Concept 3.2: Continuity & Innovations of State Forms & Their Interactions (Contacts & Conflicts) Period 3: 600 – 1450 CE

State Formation in this Era Demonstrated remarkable continuity, innovation, and diversity in various regions

2 Groups Dominate the Politics in this Era ISLAM & MONGOLS

Other Major States Byzantine China Italian City-States Feudal Europe Feudal Japan Americas

Empires Collapsed Most reconstituted governments combined traditional sources of power and legitimacy with innovations better suited to current circumstances Byzantine Empire Chinese Dynasties (Sui, Tang, Song)

Traditional Sources of Power & Legitimacy Patriarchy Religion Land-owning Elites

Innovations Tributary Systems Adaptation of Religious Intuitions New Methods of Taxation Tributary Systems Adaptation of Religious Intuitions

In some places, new forms of governance emerged Islamic States Abassids, Muslim Iberia, Dehli Sultanates Mongol Khanates City-states Italian Peninsula, East Africa, Southeast Asia, Americas Decentralized Government (AKA Feudalism) Japan Europe

Some states synthesized local and borrowed traditions Persian traditions influenced Islamic States Chinese traditions influenced Japan

In the Americas, state systems expanded in scope and reach Networks of city-states flourished in the Maya region Imperial systems were created by the Mexica (“Aztecs”) and Inca

Inter-regional contacts and conflicts between states and empires Encouraged significant technological and cultural transfers

Examples Between Tang China and the Abbasids Across the Mongol Empire Art of Papermaking Across the Mongol Empire Pax Mongolica and Trade During the Crusades Technology and Knowledge