3.4 Cycles of Matter Ecology

POINT > Contrast energy flow with matter cycling POINT > Identify mechanisms of cycling POINT > Describe the water cycle POINT > Describe the carbon cycle POINT > Describe the nitrogen cycle POINT > Describe the phosphorous cycle

POINT > Contrast energy flow with matter cycling Review the prefixes “bio” and “a.” Review “habitat” if needed. Examples of biotic factors: moose, shrubs, humans, dogs, flowers etc. Examples of abiotic factors: water, soil, rocks, air, etc.

POINT > Contrast energy flow with matter cycling Energy moves in a one-way flow in ecosystems Captured by producers Passed along trophic levels Lost to environment as heat

POINT > Contrast energy flow with matter cycling Matter is recycled within & between ecosystems Passed along trophic levels Among parts of the biosphere Matter is not created or destroyed, only transformed

POINT > Contrast energy flow with matter cycling Review the prefixes “bio” and “a.” Review “habitat” if needed. Examples of biotic factors: moose, shrubs, humans, dogs, flowers etc. Examples of abiotic factors: water, soil, rocks, air, etc.

WB CHECK: What is cycled through ecosystems, energy or matter? What flows one way through ecosystems?

POINT > Identify mechanisms of cycling 4 Cycling mechanisms: 1. Biological: eating, breathing, waste, etc 2. Geological: movement of rock, volcanic activity, etc 3. Chemical & Physical: precipitation, lightning, etc 4. Human Activities: burning fossil fuels, farming, etc

WB CHECK: Give an example of a biological cycling mechanism. An earthquake would represent which type of cycling mechanism? Give an example of a physical or chemical cycling mechanism. Exhaust from a car engine would represent which type of cycling mechanism?

POINT > Identify mechanisms of cycling Ecosystems have continuous movement of materials between organisms and the environment Matter is constantly transferred between biotic and abiotic components Review the prefixes “bio” and “a.” Review “habitat” if needed. Examples of biotic factors: moose, shrubs, humans, dogs, flowers etc. Examples of abiotic factors: water, soil, rocks, air, etc.

POINT > Describe the water cycle Water Cycle: Evaporation, precipitation and transpiration Review the prefixes “bio” and “a.” Review “habitat” if needed. Examples of biotic factors: moose, shrubs, humans, dogs, flowers etc. Examples of abiotic factors: water, soil, rocks, air, etc.

POINT > Describe the water cycle Water Cycle: Transpiration Plants take water in through roots  water moves through plant  evaporation of water from leaves Review the prefixes “bio” and “a.” Review “habitat” if needed. Examples of biotic factors: moose, shrubs, humans, dogs, flowers etc. Examples of abiotic factors: water, soil, rocks, air, etc.

WB CHECK: What is a biological mechanism in the water cycle? What is a physical/chemical mechanism in the water cycle?

POINT > Contrast energy flow with matter cycling Nutrient Cycles Organisms require nutrients to build tissues and carry out life functions We depend on other organisms to incorporate (fix) nutrients into biotic systems from the environment Review the prefixes “bio” and “a.” Review “habitat” if needed. Examples of biotic factors: moose, shrubs, humans, dogs, flowers etc. Examples of abiotic factors: water, soil, rocks, air, etc.

POINT > Describe the carbon cycle Carbon Cycle Carbon is the central atom for all the macromolecules: carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids and proteins CO2 is the carbon form commonly exchanged between parts of the biosphere Review the prefixes “bio” and “a.” Review “habitat” if needed. Examples of biotic factors: moose, shrubs, humans, dogs, flowers etc. Examples of abiotic factors: water, soil, rocks, air, etc.

POINT > Describe the carbon cycle Review the prefixes “bio” and “a.” Review “habitat” if needed. Examples of biotic factors: moose, shrubs, humans, dogs, flowers etc. Examples of abiotic factors: water, soil, rocks, air, etc.

WB CHECK: What is a human activity that is part of the carbon cycle? What is a geological activity that is part of the carbon cycle? What “form” of carbon is most commonly cycled in the environment?

POINT > Describe the nitrogen cycle Nitrogen: Necessary for amino acids and nucleic acids. Lots in the atmosphere, but unavailable as N2 Nitrogen Fixation: Nitrogen gas (N2) is converted into ammonia (NH3) by bacteria which plants then use All other organisms get nitrogen through eating plants Review the prefixes “bio” and “a.” Review “habitat” if needed. Examples of biotic factors: moose, shrubs, humans, dogs, flowers etc. Examples of abiotic factors: water, soil, rocks, air, etc.

POINT > Describe the nitrogen cycle Review the prefixes “bio” and “a.” Review “habitat” if needed. Examples of biotic factors: moose, shrubs, humans, dogs, flowers etc. Examples of abiotic factors: water, soil, rocks, air, etc.

WB CHECK: What is a human activity that is part of the nitrogen cycle? What organisms biologically fix nitrogen into a form plants and animals can use?

POINT > Describe the nitrogen cycle Nitrogen in fertilizers (Haber process) has become a large ecological issue- leads to eutrophication of lakes and streams Review the prefixes “bio” and “a.” Review “habitat” if needed. Examples of biotic factors: moose, shrubs, humans, dogs, flowers etc. Examples of abiotic factors: water, soil, rocks, air, etc.

POINT > Describe the phosphorous cycle Phosphorus Cycle P is necessary for nucleic acids Present on land and in water in small amounts where plants absorb and use it Also an ecological problem with fertilizer runoff Review the prefixes “bio” and “a.” Review “habitat” if needed. Examples of biotic factors: moose, shrubs, humans, dogs, flowers etc. Examples of abiotic factors: water, soil, rocks, air, etc.

POINT > Describe the phosphorous cycle Review the prefixes “bio” and “a.” Review “habitat” if needed. Examples of biotic factors: moose, shrubs, humans, dogs, flowers etc. Examples of abiotic factors: water, soil, rocks, air, etc. Phosphorus Cycle

POINT > Describe the phosphorous cycle Nutrient availability limits ecosystem production If light and water are available, organism growth is usually limited by the availability of nitrogen and phosphorous In soil, a variety of nutrients are limited (usually added as fertilizer) In water, nitrogen or phosphorus are usually limiting

Homework: Read pages 79-86 Answer #1-4 page 86 Nitrogen Cycle: Workbook pages 379-380 Chapter 3 Review Pages 90-93 ALL