Rise of Nationalism

Definition The belief that one’s own country is the best country

Rise of Nationalism Many of the conquered nations were happy They loved the ideas of Liberty, Equality and Fraternity

Rise of Nationalism These people admired how the French had gotten rid of the tyrant Louis XVI, had the hated aristocrats/landowners killed or run off, and the Declaration

Rise of Nationalism The French were very proud of their accomplishments

Rise of Nationalism In contrast, in Austria, the people spoke many language and belonged to many cultures The people hated their ruler and thought the French ideas were appealing

Rise of Nationalism Napoleon used this feeling to help defeat the Austria Empire, his enemy

Rise of Nationalism Nationalism isn’t always good, brought about many wars Extreme nationalism in Germany brought racial and religious persecution of the Jewish people

Loss of Spain Napoleon’s success couldn’t last forever Nationalism started to work against him

Loss of Spain The new French royalty, made up of Napoleon’s family, weren’t accepted in the countries they were sent to rule

Loss of Spain Europeans began to see Napoleon as a tyrant; replacing one bad form of government with another

Loss of Spain Spain was particularly resentful because Napoleon’s troops had been brutal Napoleon replaced the Spanish king with his own brother - Jerome

Loss of Spain 1808, the people rebelled Used guerilla warfare…Napoleon was used to traditional battlefield settings

Loss of Spain British sent troops to help Spain – led by the Duke of Wellington (he will become VERY IMPORTANT) 5 year battle ensued and the French morale plummeted

Russian Campaign Napoleon high on himself – soon overreached himself Fought in Russian while fighting in Spain

Russian Campaign Russia supposedly an ally Tsar didn’t trust Napoleon, so changed his mind about trading with Britain

Russian Campaign Russia refused to follow the policies of the French Napoleon declared war on Russia

Russian Campaign 1812 – Napoleon gathered his largest army of 600,000 soldiers and led them to Russia

Russian Campaign Napoleon told his soldiers (of different nationalities) they could form their own country afterward To keep them loyal

Russian Campaign Napoleon won bloody battles at Smolensk and Borodino But Russia’s huge Tsar refused to surrender

Russian Campaign Russian soldiers retreated, burning shelter and food as they left Napoleon’s soldiers lived off the land, so this was a deadly tactic

Russian Campaign Napoleon arrived in Moscow and hoped Russia would surrender Found the city deserted Russians had set fire to the city – Napoleon knew his situation was hopeless

Russian Campaign Napoleon decided to go back to friendly territory before the Russian winter Didn’t make it

Russian Campaign Grand Armee destroyed Napoleon lost his confidence

Russian Campaign Wounded soldiers die on the road Some of the dead used to feed the horses 1000s freeze to death

Russian Campaign Russian army would attack along the way Cossack – riders from Ukraine would raid them

Russian Campaign Came upon the battlefield at Borodina – still 30,000 corpses scattered In the end, 9000 of the 600,000 survived Napoleon abandoned and left for Paris