AP European History art periods By Chris Haynes, ryann Lohman, and nick Jackson 7th period

What are the periods of European art? Renaissance (1350-1550) Mannerism (1520s-1600) Baroque (1600-1725) Rococo (1725-1820s) Romanticism (1800s-1850s) Neoclassicism (1820s-1860s) Modern (1860s-1970s) Post Modern (1970s-present)

Renaissance Art (1350-1550) It was based on the early Greco-Roman art style. Highlighted ideas such as secularism, humanism, and individualism. Focused on depth, realism, and Christian religious imagery. Caused by cultural stagnation that preceded it and by growing support for the arts in Europe.

Mona lisa by Leonardo da Vinci, 1517 DAVID BY MICHELANGELO, 1504 Mona lisa by Leonardo da Vinci, 1517

The Creation of Adam by michangelo THE LAST SUPPER BY LEONARDO DA VINCI, 1498

Mannerism (1520s-1600) Ended the Renaissance Emerged in Italy in the [1520s] and [1530s] Anxiety, uncertainty, suffering, and a yearning for spiritual experience that came out of the Protestant Reformation A deliberate attempt to break down the High Renaissance principles of balance, harmony, and moderation Its name derives from critics who considered their contemporary artists to be second-rate imitators, painting “in the manner of” Michelangelo’s late style Italian Mannerist painters deliberately distorted the rules of proportion by portraying elongated figures: convey a sense of suffering and a strong emotional atmosphere filled with anxiety and confusion Spread from Italy to others parts of Europe

El GRECO [1541-1614] Domenikos Theotocopoulos From Crete; studied in Venice and Rome Moved to Spain in the [1570s] – was a church painter in Toledo His elongated and contorted figures, portrayed in unusual shades of yellow and green against an eerie background of turbulent grays = reflects the artist’s desire to create a world of intense emotion

View of Toledo El Greco Between [1596] and [1600] Oil on canvas

Christ on the Cross adored by donors El Greco [1585-1590] Canvas

Laocoon El Greco [1610]

Baroque (1600-1725) Began in Italy in the last quarter of the [16th century] and spread to the rest of Europe Most wholeheartedly embraced by the Catholic reform movement – evident at the Catholic courts (especially the Habsburgs in Madrid, Prague, Vienna, and Brussels) It was resisted in France, England, and Holland but eventually spread to all of Europe and to Latin America Sought to bring together the classical ideals of Renaissance art with the spiritual feelings of the [16th century] religious revival Known for its use of dramatic effects to arouse the emotions Reflected the search for power that was such a large part of the [17th century] ethos Churches and places = magnificent and richly detailed Kings and princes wanted their subjects to be in awe or their power

Descent from the cross by Rembrandt, 1634

Gian Lorenzo Bernini [1598-1680] Completed St. Peter’s Basilica at the Vatican Throne of Saint Peter hovers in mid-air, held by the hands of the 4 great doctors of the Catholic church (action, exuberance, profusion, and dramatic effects) above the chair, rays of golden light drive a mass of clouds and angels toward the spectator Ecstasy of Saint Theresa A moment of mystical experience in the life of the [16th c] Spanish saint Mystical experience when an angel supposedly pierced her heart repeatedly with a golden arrow

Ecstasy of Saint Theresa Gian Lorenzo Bernini [1644]

Artemisia Gentileschi [1593-1653] Born in Rome; she studied painting under her father [1616] moved to Florence; successful career as a painter Age 23 1st women to be elected to the Florentine Academy of Design Judith Beheading Holofernes A dramatic rendering of the biblical scene in which Judith slays the Assyrian general Holofernes to save her besieged town from the Assyrian army

Judith Beheading Holofernes Artemisia Gentileschi [1611-1612]

DUTCH REALISM Wealthy patricians and burghers of Dutch urban society commissioned works of art for their guild halls, town halls, and private dwellings Interests of the burgher society were reflected in the subject matter: portraits of themselves, group portraits of their military companies and guilds, landscapes, seascapes, genre scenes, still lifes, and the interiors of their residences Interested in the realistic portrayal of secular everyday life

Rembrandt van rijn [1606-1669] Painted opulent portraits and grandiose scenes that were often quite colorful Was prolific and successful, but he turned away from materialistic success to follow his own artistic path In the process, he lost public support and died bankrupt He became more introspective as he grew older Refused to follow his contemporaries whose pictures were largely secular; ½ of his own paintings depicted biblical scenes

Adoration of the Shepherds Rembrandt van Rijn [1646]

Descent from the cross Rembrandt van Rijn [1634]

Landscape with a stone bridge Rembrandt van Rijn [c 1638]

Rococo (1725-1820s) It was a reaction against the grandeur, symmetry, and strict regulations of the Baroque period. It used ornate styles, light colors, gold, asymmetrical designs, and curves.

Jean-Honoré Fragonard, The Swing, 1767

Romanticism (1800-1850) Known for emphasis of emotion and individualism. Glorified the past and nature. Looked back at the medieval. Reaction against the Enlightenment and Industrial Revolution.

Thomas Cole, 1842, The Voyage of Life

NeoClassicism (1820s-1860s) 2nd half of the [17th century]; France replaced Italy as the cultural leader of Europe Drew inspiration from the classic works of Ancient Greece and Rome. It opposed Rococo and Baroque art styles. Based of simplicity and symmetry. Committed to the classical values of the High Renaissance; emphasis on clarity, simplicity, balance, and harmony of design Reflected the shift in [17th c] French society from chaos to order It continued the Baroque’s conception of grandeur in the portrayal of noble subjects, especially those from classical antiquity

Nicholas Poussin [1594-1665] Choice of scenes from classical mythology The orderliness of his landscapes The postures of his figures copied from the sculptures of antiquity Use of brown tones Landscape with the Burial of Phocian

Landscape with the burial of Phocian Nicholas Poussin [1648]

Rebecca at the well Nicholas Poussin [c 1648]

Modern art (1860s-1970s) Caused by events like the Vietnam War, the Russian Revolution, the Boxer Rebellion, the Franco- Prussian War. Characterized by abstraction. Broken up into 3 styles: Impressionism, Cubism, Surrealism. Impressionism: open composition, ordinary subjects, accurate portrayal of light. (Claude Monet) Cubism: works are analyzed, then broken up and rearranged in an abstract form. (Pablo Picasso) Surrealism: illogical scenes that often formed creatures from normal objects. (Andre Breton)

Starry Night by Vincent van gogh, 1889

Postmodern art (1970s-Present) Sought to contradict Modern art. Often called upon earlier styles of art. Used a lot in multimedia, collages, and conceptual art.

No. 5 by Jackson Pollock

Obviously this is just a brief overview of the art of European history, but I hope you get what you needed from this.