داروهای موثر در درمان آنژین قلبی

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Presentation transcript:

داروهای موثر در درمان آنژین قلبی به نام خدا داروهای موثر در درمان آنژین قلبی دکتر نصیری 7/5/2018

کاهش عرضه اکسیژن به عضله قلب افزایش تقاضا برای دریافت اکسیژن علت بیماری کاهش عرضه اکسیژن به عضله قلب افزایش تقاضا برای دریافت اکسیژن 7/5/2018

مهار کننده های کانال کلسیم نیترات ها داروهای مورد استفاده بتا بلوکرها مهار کننده های کانال کلسیم نیترات ها هر سه دسته دارویی سبب کاهش نیاز به اکسیژن می شوند نیترات ها و مهار کننده های کانال کلسیم سبب افزایش میزان حمل اکسیژن هم می شوند 7/5/2018

داروهای بتا بلوکر کاهش سرعت و قدرت انقباض قلب کاهش فشار خون تجویز به منظور پیشگیری از آنژین استفاده به همراه نیترات ها (برای کاهش عارضه تاکیکاردی جبرانی) 7/5/2018

مهار کننده های کانال کلسیم نیفدیپین دیلتیازم وراپامیل مهار کانال کلسیم در عضلات قلب و عروق 7/5/2018

مهار کننده های کانال کلسیم پیشگیری از آنژین تجویز در حملات آنژین تجویز به همراه نیترات ها 7/5/2018

مهار کننده های کانال کلسیم سایر موارد تجویز دارو درمان فشار خون درمان میگرن سندرم رینود 7/5/2018

نیتروگلیسیرین (گلیسیریل تری نیترات) ایزوسورباید دی نیترات نیترات ها نیتروگلیسیرین (گلیسیریل تری نیترات) ایزوسورباید دی نیترات ایزوسورباید مونو نیترات 7/5/2018

در اثر دنیتراسیون تولید نیتریک اکساید اتساع عضلات صاف عروق مکانیسم اثر نیترات ها در اثر دنیتراسیون تولید نیتریک اکساید اتساع عضلات صاف عروق 7/5/2018

فارماکوکینتیک شکل خوراکی نیتروگلیسیرین دارای متابولیسم اولیه کبدی است (90%) فرم زیر زبانی آن فاقد FPM است 7/5/2018

فارماکوکینتیک ایزوسورباید دی نیترات به فرم مونونیترات خود تبدیل می گردد 7/5/2018

تولرانس 10-8 ساعت پس از مصرف دارو پدید می آید فاصله 12-10 ساعته برای تجویز دوز بعدی دارو (به منظور بازگشت حساسیت) 7/5/2018

عوارض جانبی تاکیکاردی افت فشار خون وضعیتی سردرد ضربان دار 7/5/2018

نیتروگلیسیرین شروع اثر 2-1 دقیقه طول اثر 30 دقیقه نگداشتن کپسول رتارد در زیر زبان نگهداری شکل تزریقی دارو دور از نور نگهداری قرص در یک شیشه یا درب بسته و در محل خنک قطع مصرف دارو در صورت بروز تاری دید، خشکی دهان 7/5/2018

پماد نیتروگلیسیرین مصرف پماد روی سینه مصرف 1/25 سانتی متر از پماد در هر بار مصرف و سپس افزایش میزان مصرف دارو افزایش دوز دارو سبب سردرد می شود و بنابراین بیشترین مقداری باید مصرف شود که سردرد ایجاد نشود 7/5/2018

اختلال در قدرت انقباض قلب کاهش برون ده قلب نارسایی قلبی اختلال در قدرت انقباض قلب کاهش برون ده قلب 7/5/2018

پاسخ های جبرانی تاکیکاردی افزایش مقاومت عروق محیطی احتباس آب و نمک (فعالیت سیستم رنین-آنژیوتانسین) کاردیومگالی 7/5/2018

داروهای موثر در درمان نارسایی قلبی دیگوکسین بتا آگونیست ها مهار کننده های فسفودی استراز وازودیلاتورها آنتاگونیست های آنژیوتانسین دیورتیک ها 7/5/2018

دیگوکسین مهار کننده پمپ سدیم/پتاسیمATPase افزایش سدیم درون سلولی کاهش خروج کلسیم خارج سلولی افزایش قدرت انقباض قلب 7/5/2018

Digoxin in CCF 7/5/2018

Digoxin It restores the vagal tone and abolishes the sympathetic over activity Increase the refractoriness of AV node thus decrease ventricular response to atrial rate First-line drug in patients with CHF who are in atrial fibrillation. 7/5/2018

Digoxin Adverse effects / Precautions : Nausea, vomiting, gynecomastia, visual disturbances and psychosis. Ventricular bigeminy, AV block and bradycardia. Amiodarone and verapamil can increase the plasma concentration of digoxin by inhibiting its excretion Quinidine, verapamil, and amiodarone increases plasma levels of digoxin (by displacing tissue binding sites and depressing renal digoxin clearance) so plasma digoxin must be monitored carefully. 7/5/2018

Digoxin Toxicity treatment Toxicity can be treated with higher than normal doses of potassium Digoxin antibody (digibind) is used specifically to treat life-threatening digoxin overdose Digitalis-induced progressive elevation of the serum potassium concentration also suggests imminent cardiac arrest. If the potassium concentration exceeds 5 mEq/L in the setting of severe digitalis intoxication, therapy with DIGIBIND is indicated. 7/5/2018

بتا آگونیست ها دوبوتامین دوپامین 7/5/2018

Dobutamin B1-adrenergic agonist receptors Giving it a prominent inotropic action on the heart Some α- and B2-agonist properties Structurally related to dopamine It has no specific dopaminergic properties; however, like dopamine, the inotropic action of dobutamine on the heart is associated with less cardiac-accelerating effect than that of isoprenaline 7/5/2018

Dobutamin Uses Increase the contractility of the heart in acute HF, as occurs in cardiogenic shock and MI Septic shock Its inotropic activity may be useful are during cardiac surgery 7/5/2018

Dobutamin In the management of acute HF, is given at a usual rate of 2.5 to 10 µg/kg/min, according to the patient's heart rate, blood pressure, cardiac output, and urine output A range of 0.5 up to 40 µg/kg/min has occasionally been required It has been recommended that treatment with dobutamine should be discontinued gradually 7/5/2018

Dobutamin Preparation IV infusion as a dilute solution (0.25 to 5 mg/mL), in glucose 5% or sodium chloride 0.9% Other fluids may also be suitable and the manufacturers' guidelines should be consulted. 7/5/2018

Adverse Effects & Treatment Dobutamine has mainly B1-agonist properties and its principal adverse effects include: Dose-related increases in HR and blood pressure, ectopic beats, angina or chest pain, and palpitations Dosage should be reduced or temporarily stopped if they occur Ventricular tachycardia may occur rarely 7/5/2018

Dobutamin Incompatibility Alkaline solutions such as sodium bicarbonate 5% and alkaline drugs such as aminophylline, furosemide, and thiopental sodium Physical incompatibility with calcium gluconate, insulin, diazepam, and phenytoin has also been suggested There have also been reports of incompatibility with alteplase, heparin, and warfarin sodium 7/5/2018

Dopamine Catecholamine sympathomimetic with both direct and indirect effects It differs from Ep and Nep in dilating renal and mesenteric blood vessels and increasing urine output, apparently by a specific dopaminergic mechanism 7/5/2018

Uses and Administration Dopamine is used in acute HF, as occurs in cardiogenic shock and myocardial infarction In renal failure (under Surgery and Intensive Care), in cardiac surgery, and in septic shock 7/5/2018

Pharmacokinetics The vasoconstrictor properties of dopamine preclude its use by the SC or IM route Like Ep it is inactive when given orally, and it is rapidly inactivated in the body by similar processes, with a t ½ ~ 2 min Dopamine is a metabolic precursor of Nep and a proportion is excreted as the metabolites of Nep The majority appears to be directly metabolised into dopamine-related metabolites 7/5/2018

Adverse Effects and Treatment Dopamine may have adverse effects relating to both its α- and B-agonist properties: Dopamine has a short duration of action Most adverse effects respond to discontinuing or reducing the rate of infusion Infiltration with phentolamine may relieve pain and prevent necrosis following extravasation 7/5/2018

Dopamine Preparation Dopamine is given as the hydrochloride by IV infusion as a dilute solution (usually 1.6 or 3.2 mg/mL, although more dilute solutions may be used where fluid expansion is not a problem), in glucose 5%, sodium chloride 0.9%, or other suitable diluents 7/5/2018

Dopamine Incompatibility Inactive in alkaline solutions such as sodium bicarbonate 5% and is incompatible with alkaline drugs such as furosemide and thiopental sodium Incompatibility with insulin and with alteplase The manufacturers state that it is incompatible with ampicillin and with amphotericin B, and that mixtures with gentamicin sulfate, cefalotin sodium, or oxacillin sodium should be avoided 7/5/2018

مهار کننده های فسفودی استراز آمرینون میلرینون 7/5/2018

مهار کننده های فسفودی استراز مهار آنزیم فسفودی استراز افزایش کلسیم داخل سلولی افزایش قدرت انقباض قلب/وازودیلاتور 7/5/2018

کاهش اندازه قلب و بهبود عملکرد قلب وازودیلاتورها نیتروپروساید نیتروگلیسیرین کاهش اندازه قلب و بهبود عملکرد قلب 7/5/2018

Diuretics These are useful in reducing the symptoms of volume overload by Decreasing the extra cellular volume Decreasing the venous return 7/5/2018

Diuretics Loop diuretics like furosemide and bumetanide are the most effective and commonly used Thiazides are effective in mild cases only 7/5/2018

Diuretics Adverse effects: Loop diuretics and thiazides cause hypokalemia Potassium sparing diuretics help in reducing the hypokalemia due to these diuretics 7/5/2018

Spironolactone Aldosterone inhibition minimize potassium loss, prevent sodium and water retention, endothelial dysfunction and myocardial fibrosis. 7/5/2018

Spironolactone Aldosterone antagonist Spironolactone can be added to loop diuretics to modestly enhance the diuresis; more importantly, improve survival. 7/5/2018