Classifying Matter

Objectives When you complete this presentation, you will be able to classify matter as either a pure substance or a mixture classify a pure substance as either an element or a compound classify a mixture as either homogeneous or heterogeneous

Matter Matter can be classified as either a pure substance or a mixture. A pure substance can be further classified as an element a compound

Compound A compound is a pure substance that can be broken down into smaller pure substances by use of chemical energies. Compounds include things like ionic salts NaCl, HCl, NaHCO3 molecules CH4, C12H22O11, C6H6

Element An element is a pure substance that cannot be broken down into smaller pure substances by use of chemical energies. Elements include things like single elements Au, Ag, Cu molecular elements H2, O2, S8

Mixture A mixture is a physical blend of two or more components. Based on the distribution of their components, a mixture can be classified as a heterogeneous mixture a homogenous mixture

Heterogeneous Mixture The components of a heterogeneous mixture are not distributed evenly throughout the mixture. For example chocolate chip cookie chicken noodle soup concrete oil and vinegar salad dressing

Homogeneous Mixtures The components of a homogeneous mixture are distributed evenly throughout the mixture. For example salad oil vinegar stainless steel salt water

Phase Any part of a sample with uniform properties and composition can be called a phase. Homogeneous mixtures are, by definition, single phase mixtures. Heterogeneous mixtures consist of two or more phases.

Separating Mixtures The differences in physical properties of the components of mixtures can be used to separate them. One method is by filtration. separating coffee grounds from coffee when making coffee One method is by distillation. separating water and salt in sea water relies on the differences in boiling points

broken down by chemical means not broken down by chemical means Summary matter mixture heterogeneous homogeneous pure substance compound element many components single component broken down by chemical means not broken down by chemical means uneven distribution even distribution