By: Jasmin Ward, Jon Grady, Monica Rose, Geoffery Watson Alkali Metals By: Jasmin Ward, Jon Grady, Monica Rose, Geoffery Watson

Family Alkali Metals Location: Group 1, FAR LEFT Lithium Sodium Potassium Rubidium Cesium Francium

Common Characteristics Highly Reactive Valence of 1 Ion of +1

Parent of LITHIUM : Johann Arfvedson

Birthplace and date: of LITHIUM Sweden, 1817

LITHIUM Gender: metal Description : 3 protons, 4 neutrons Melting point -180.54 °C Boiling point -1347.0 °C Density- 0.53 g/cm3 Specific heat – 3.6;

Compounds of Lithium Lithium Chloride, LiCl Lithium Carbonate, Li2CO3 Lithium Stearate, LiC18H35O2 Petalite, LiAl(Si2O5)2

MORE LITHIUM Chemical description: less dense than water; Oxidation number- +1; Valence electrons 1 Positive: batteries, ceramics, lubricants, thicken oil, meth production, purifies air Negative: can explode in water, nuclear action.

BECAREFUL OF LITHIUM Lithium metal is flammable and potentially explosive when exposed to air and especially water, though it is far less dangerous than other alkali metals in this regard.  The lithium-water reaction at normal temperatures is brisk but not violent.  Lithium fires are difficult to extinguish, requiring special chemicals designed to smother them.

Sodium (Na)

Parent Sir Humphrey Davy (1778-1829) Used the first battery for what is now called electrolysis and was able to isolate a series of substances for the first time

Birth Davy was a pioneer in the field of electrolysis using the voltaic pile to split up common compounds and thus prepare many new elements. He went on to electrolyze molten salts, and Sodium was born

Address Sodium resides in Group 1, Period 3 of the Periodic Table It lives with Lithium, Cesium, Potassium, Rubidium, and Francium This family is known as the Alkali Metals

Physical Description Protons: 11 Electrons: 11 Neutrons: 12

Physical Description, cont. Density: 0.971 g/cm3 Boiling Point: 883°C Melting Point: 98°C Mass: 22.98 amu Specific Heat: 1.23 J/g °K

Chemical Description Sodium has 1 valence electron Ion is +1 Oxidation is +1 Sodium is an extremely reactive element, being in Group 1

Positive Attributes Can be used to descale metal (make it smooth) Can purify molten metals Makes higher melting soaps when combined with fatty acids Used to make table salt

Negative Attributes Potentially explosive in water Powdered form can spontaneously combust in air or Oxygen Becomes a caustic poison when in contact with moisture

POTASSIUM Parent: Sir Humphrey Davy (1807) Essential Element for all living organisms. Parent: Sir Humphrey Davy (1807) Melting Point: 63.65 °C (336.8 K, 146.57 °F) Boiling Point: 774.0 °C (1047.15 K, 1425.2 °F) Density @ 293 K: 0.862 g/cm3 Specific Heat: 0.75 J/g°K Metal 19 Protons & Electrons 20 Neutrons Valence# = -1 Oxidation states: +1

POTASSIUM Description: Very soft silvery metal that quickly oxidizes to white in air and reacts violently in water. Potassium Fluorosilicate (K2SiF6) is used in specialized glasses, ceramics, enamels and as an insecticide. Potassium Pyrophosphate (K4P2O7) is used in soaps and detergents. Potassium Sodium Tartrate, or Rochelle Salt (KNaC4H4O6) is used in baking powder, medicine and in the silvering of mirrors.

Rubidium

Early Life  Parents Robert Bunsen Gustav Kirchhoff Birth: Date: 1861 Where: Mineral lepidolite Gender: Metal

Physical Attributes Density: 1.63g/cc @ 300K Melting Point: 38.89 °C Boiling Point: 688.0 °C Specific Heat: 0.363J/gK Protons: 37 Electrons: 37 Neutrons: 48

Chemical Attributes Valence #: +1 3 Compounds Oxidiation: +1 Reactivity: Air: Vigorous 3 Compounds Rb2O, Rb2O2, Rb2O3, RbO2 (rubidium superoxide) RbH RbCl

Positives and Negatives  Rubidium is radio-active, therefore we can use this metal to locate tumors.  Rubidium is very rigorously reactive with water, even having sweat beads on your skin and coming into contact with this metal can cause harsh chemical burns to the skin or any affected area, medical attention would be needed immediately. 

Cesium (Cs)

Parent Gustav Kirchoff (1824-1887) Showed that each element, when heated to incandescence, produced a characteristic pattern of emission lines which led to discovery of Cesium

Birth Cesium was born in 1860, in Germany In Kirchhoff’s experiment, he demonstrated that every element gives off a characteristic colored light when heated to incandescence. The result was the birth of Cesium

Address Cesium resides in Group 1, Period 6 of the Periodic Table It lives with Lithium, Sodium, Potassium, Rubidium, and Francium This family is known as the Alkali Metals

Physical Description Electron: 55 Protons: 55 Neutrons: 78

Physical Description, cont. Density: 1.873 g/cm3 Boiling Point: 678.4°C Melting Point: 28.5°C Mass: 132.9 amu Specific Heat: 0.24 J/°K

Chemical Description Cesium has 1 valence electron Ion is +1 Oxidation is +1 It is very close to Francium, which makes it an extremely reactive element

Positive Attributes Reduces the requirement for toxic high-density suspended solids in drilling fluid, which is a significant technological, engineering and environmental advantage. Radioactive isotopes of Cesium are used in the medical field to treat certain types of cancer Used in atomic clocks

Negative Attributes One of the most reactive alkali metals and is highly explosive when it comes in contact with water (even cold water or ice).  Cesium reacts violently with water and ice, forming cesium hydroxide (CsOH) Exposure to large amounts cause hyperirritability and spasms

FRANCIUM Parent: Marguerite Derey, Curie Institute, Paris Melting Point: 27.0 °C (300.15 K, 80.6 °F) Boiling Point: 677.0 °C (950.15 K, 1250.6 °F) Density: unknown Specific Heat: unknown Isotopes: 32 (None Stable

FRANCIUM 87 Protons & Electrons 136 Neutrons Metal Valence# = -1 Description: Metallic, very rare and radioactive Francium is a highly radioactive alkali metal that is found in very small amounts in Uranium and Thorium ores.  It is also notable for having the lowest electronegativity and electron affinity of all the elements. Francium is the last of the known alkali metals and does not occur to any significant extent in nature.  All known isotopes are radioactive and have short half-lives (21.8 minutes is the longest).

Sources http://www.chemicalelements.com/elements/fr.html http://www.3rd1000.com/elements/Potassium.htm